Ground-based Raman-lidar for day and night measurements of water-vapor in the boundary layer

The solar-blind Raman-lidar based on a KrF laser (248 nm) developed at Lecce’s University (407 208 N, 187 68 E) is described. The lidar is currently used for day and night measurements of water vapor. The dependence of the measurement range of the lidar on the laser beam divergence is investigated and it is shown that the KrF laser beam divergence can be reduced by a factor A10 by using a quite simple unstable cavity configuration. The maximum range which was limited to approximately 500 m for a A3 mrad divergence laser beam has increased up to 1200 m with a A0.3 mrad divergence laser beam since the field of view of the telescope was of 1 mrad. Water vapor profiles retrieved from lidar measurements under different operating conditions are presented. The effect of boundary-layer ozone absorption has also been investigated

Response of the Calanoid Copepod Clausocalanus furcatus, to Atmospheric Deposition Events: Outcomes from a Mesocosm Study

Atmospheric deposition is assumed to stimulate heterotrophic processes in highly oligotrophic marine systems, controlling the dynamics and trophic efficiency of planktonic food webs, and is expected to be influenced by climate change. In the course of an 8-day mesocosm experiment, we examined the channeling, of the Saharan dust (SD) and mixed aerosols (A) effects on microplankton up to the copepod trophic level, in the highly oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Based on mesocosms with SD and A treatments, we evaluated the feeding response of the dominant copepod Clausocalanus furcatus every other day. We hypothesized that increased food availability under atmospheric deposition would result in increased copepod ingestion rates, selectivity and production. Overall, no robust pattern of food selection was documented, and daily rations on the prey assemblage of all mesocosms were very low indicating severe food limitation of C. furcatus. Although increased food availability was not true, after few days ingestion of ciliates was maximized, followed by egg production, in both the SD and A treatments, indicating their importance in the diet of this copepod as well as a response of C. furcatus feeding performance. Our results help in understanding the trophic efficiency of marine food webs in ultra-oligotrophic environments under atmospheric deposition. We suggest that future mesocosm research in oligotrophic waters should consider more than one copepod speciesVersión del edito

Ground based Raman lidar for day and night measurements of water vapour in the boundary layer

The solar-blind Raman-lidar based on a KrF laser (248 nm) developed at Lecce’s University (407 208 N, 187 68 E) is described. The lidar is currently used for day and night measurements of water vapor. The dependence of the measurement range of the lidar on the laser beam divergence is investigated and it is shown that the KrF laser beam divergence can be reduced by a factor A10 by using a quite simple unstable cavity configuration. The maximum range which was limited to approximately 500 m for a A3 mrad divergence laser beam has increased up to 1200 m with a A0.3 mrad divergence laser beam since the field of view of the telescope was of 1 mrad. Water vapor profiles retrieved from lidar measurements under different operating conditions are presented. The effect of boundary-layer ozone absorption has also been investigated