676 research outputs found
Formation of Compressed Flat Electron Beams with High Transverse-Emittance Ratios
Flat beams -- beams with asymmetric transverse emittances -- have important
applications in novel light-source concepts, advanced-acceleration schemes and
could possibly alleviate the need for damping rings in lepton colliders. Over
the last decade, a flat-beam-generation technique based on the conversion of an
angular-momentum-dominated beam was proposed and experimentally tested. In this
paper we explore the production of compressed flat beams. We especially
investigate and optimize the flat-beam transformation for beams with
substantial fractional energy spread. We use as a simulation example the
photoinjector of the Fermilab's Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator
(ASTA). The optimizations of the flat beam generation and compression at ASTA
were done via start-to-end numerical simulations for bunch charges of 3.2 nC,
1.0 nC and 20 pC at ~37 MeV. The optimized emittances of flat beams with
different bunch charges were found to be 0.25 {\mu}m (emittance ratio is ~400),
0.13 {\mu}m, 15 nm before compression, and 0.41 {\mu}m, 0.20 {\mu}m, 16 nm
after full compression, respectively with peak currents as high as 5.5 kA for a
3.2-nC flat beam. These parameters are consistent with requirements needed to
excite wakefields in asymmetric dielectric-lined waveguides or produce
significant photon flux using small-gap micro-undulators.Comment: 17
Patch Plate Materials Compatibility Assessment
Lunar dust proved to be a greater problem during the Apollo missions than was originally anticipated. The highly angular, charged dust particles stuck to seals, radiators, and visors; clogged mechanisms; and abraded space suits. As reported by Apollo 12 astronaut Pete Conrad "We must have had more than a hundred hours suited work with the same equipment, and the wear was not as bad on the training suits as it is on these flight suits in just the eight hours we were out.". Dust clinging to surfaces was also transport-ed into habitable spaces leading to lung and eye irritation of the astronauts. The Apollo astronauts were on the Lunar surface less than 24 hours and experienced many dust related problems. With the Artemis program, we are planning longer stays on the surface, with more activities that have the potential to put the astronauts and equipment in contact with greater quantities of Lunar dust. The success of these missions will depend on our understanding of material interactions with Lunar dust and the development of ways to mitigate dust effects in cases where exposure to dust will lead to failure of components, unacceptable loss of power or thermal control, unacceptable loss of visibility, or health issues. Through the Lunar Surface In-novation Initiative (LSII), we are initiating a Patch Plate Materials Compatibility Assessment project. The overall goal of the three year project is to develop passive approaches to mitigate Lunar dust adhesion to surfaces for technologies that are currently at TRL levels 2-3 to bring them to TRL level 5 through ground-based assessment, culminating in a demonstration flight experiment on a Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) lander in 2022-2023. This paper discusses the detailed technical objectives and approach for this project. References: Gaier, J.R. "The Effects of Lunar Dust on EVA Systems During the Apollo Missions," NASA/TM-2005-213610/REV1, (2005), Apollo 12 Technical Crew Debriefing, December 1, 1969, pp. 10-54
Enhanced low-energy -decay strength of Ni and its robustness within the shell model
Neutron-capture reactions on very neutron-rich nuclei are essential for
heavy-element nucleosynthesis through the rapid neutron-capture process, now
shown to take place in neutron-star merger events. For these exotic nuclei,
radiative neutron capture is extremely sensitive to their -emission
probability at very low energies. In this work, we present
measurements of the -decay strength of Ni over the wide range
MeV. A significant enhancement is found in the
-decay strength for transitions with MeV. At present,
this is the most neutron-rich nucleus displaying this feature, proving that
this phenomenon is not restricted to stable nuclei. We have performed
-strength calculations within the quasiparticle time-blocking
approximation, which describe our data above MeV very well.
Moreover, large-scale shell-model calculations indicate an nature of the
low-energy strength. This turns out to be remarkably robust with
respect to the choice of interaction, truncation and model space, and we
predict its presence in the whole isotopic chain, in particular the
neutron-rich .Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
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