Development of Epitope-Blocking ELISA for Universal Detection of Antibodies to Human H5N1 Influenza Viruses

10.1371/journal.pone.0004566PLoS ONE4

Image overlay surgery based on augmented reality : a systematic review

Acknowledgements We thank the staff of the Medical Library of the University of Aberdeen for their advice and Prof. Jennifer Cleland and Dr Jenny Gregory for discussion and support. This work was funded by the Roland Sutton Academic Trust (0053/R/17) and an Elphinstone PhD Scholarship from the University of Aberdeen.Postprin

Van der Waals heterostructures

Research on graphene and other two-dimensional atomic crystals is intense and likely to remain one of the hottest topics in condensed matter physics and materials science for many years. Looking beyond this field, isolated atomic planes can also be reassembled into designer heterostructures made layer by layer in a precisely chosen sequence. The first - already remarkably complex - such heterostructures (referred to as 'van der Waals') have recently been fabricated and investigated revealing unusual properties and new phenomena. Here we review this emerging research area and attempt to identify future directions. With steady improvement in fabrication techniques, van der Waals heterostructures promise a new gold rush, rather than a graphene aftershock

Tropical Fruit Pulps: Processing, Product Standardization and Main Control Parameters for Quality Assurance

ABSTRACT Fruit pulp is the most basic food product obtained from fresh fruit processing. Fruit pulps can be cold stored for long periods of time, but they also can be used to fabricate juices, ice creams, sweets, jellies and yogurts. The exploitation of tropical fruits has leveraged the entire Brazilian fruit pulp sector due mainly to the high acceptance of their organoleptic properties and remarkable nutritional facts. However, several works published in the last decades have pointed out unfavorable conditions regarding the consumption of tropical fruit pulps. This negative scenario has been associated with unsatisfactory physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of fruits pulps as outcomes of little knowledge and improper management within the fruit pulp industry. There are protocols for delineating specific identity and quality standards (IQSs) and standardized good manufacturing practices (GMP) for fruit pulps, which also embrace standard operating procedures (SOPs) and hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP), although this latter is not considered mandatory by the Brazilian legislation. Unfortunately, the lack of skilled labor, along with failures in complying established protocols have impaired quality of fruit pulps. It has been necessary to collect all information available with the aim to identify the most important hazards within fruit pulp processing lines. Standardizing methods and practices within the Brazilian fruit pulp industry would assurance high quality status to tropical fruit pulps and the commercial growth of this vegetal product towards international markets

Invasão do reto por carcinoma prostático avançado com disseminação linfática simulando câncer retal: relato de caso Invasive prostate carcinoma to the rectum with lymphatic dissemination simulating a rectal cancer: case report

O carcinoma da próstata é uma doença freqüente em idosos e em casos avançados pode invadir o reto, simulando um carcinoma primário deste órgão. Nestas situações, a maioria dos pacientes apresenta sintomas retais exuberantes e sintomas urinários leves ou ausentes. É relatado um caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de tumor de próstata localmente agressivo, concomitante a um tumor viloso retal, que foi diagnosticado e tratado erroneamente como um tumor primário do reto. Tal lesão, curiosamente, apresentava comportamento biológico compatível com câncer retal, inclusive com disseminação linfática típica desta doença. A incidência relatada de invasão do reto por tumores de próstata avançados varia entre 1 e 11% em diferentes séries. O aspecto do tumor de próstata com envolvimento retal traz dificuldades em diferenciá-lo de um tumor primário. Exames radiológicos e ou endoscópicos podem não esclarecer o diagnóstico, enquanto o exame histopatológico em ambos os tumores costuma revelar adenocarcinoma pouco diferenciado. A diferenciação diagnóstica entre estes dois tumores é essencial, uma vez que o tratamento é absolutamente diferente para as duas doenças. A alta incidência do carcinoma prostático o torna importante para que todos os médicos estejam atentos à possibilidade deste tumor invadir o reto e simular um tumor primário deste órgão.<br>Prostate carcinoma is a frequent disease in the elderly and in advanced cases it can cause rectal invasion mimicking a primary rectal carcinoma. Most of patients present with significant rectal symptoms and mild to absent urinary tract symptoms. We report a case of a patient with a very aggressive locally invasive prostate carcinoma with a concomitant rectal villous tumor which was misdiagnosed and inadequately treated as a rectal cancer. The reported incidence of rectal invasion in advanced prostate cancer has varied between 1 to 11 per cent in different series. The appearance of the prostate tumor with involvement of the rectum causes difficulties in differentiating it from primary rectal carcinoma. Neither radiological nor endoscopic examination of the rectum or lower urinary tract provides a definitive diagnosis. Histopathology in both primary prostate carcinoma invasive to the rectum and primary rectal carcinoma usually is poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.The differentiation of rectal involvement from prostatic carcinoma is essential, since therapy is quite different for the two diseases. The high incidence of prostatic carcinoma makes it important for all physicians are aware of frequency in which it involves the rectum and mimic a primary rectal neoplasm