63 research outputs found
Varijabilnost i koeficijent heritabilnosti proseÄnog sadržaja suve materije u lukovicama crnog luka (Allium cepa L.)
In order to research the variability of average dry matter content in onion bulbs, the trial has been set up on the experimental plot in the Centre for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka during 2000. and 2001. The trial has been performed by applying the method of random block design with five replicas. Ten cultivars of different geographical origin have been used. Examined characteristics were determined by applying the variance analysis of two-factorial trial - model 2. Hadzivukovic, 1991. The components of phenotype variance, genotype and phenotype coefficient of variance and heritability in broader sense have been calculated according to SINGH and CHAUDHARY (1976). The significant variability has been found for dry matter content in bulbs during both years of research. The researched trait had a greater genotype variance than out door conditions factor variance and the coefficient of phenotype variation greater than genetic variance coefficient. High percentage of genetic variability in total phenotype variability has been confirmed by high heritability. .U cilju ispitivanja varijabilnosti proseÄnog sadržaja suve materije u lukovicama crnog luka, postavljen je ogled na oglednom polju Centra za povrtarstvo u Smederevskoj Palanci u toku 2000. i 2001. godine. Ogled je izveden po sluÄajnom blok sistemu u pet ponavljanja. Za istraživaÄki materijal koriÅ”Äeno je deset sorata, razliÄitog geografskog porekla. UtvrÄene vrednosti ispitivanih svojstava su obraÄene analizom varijanse dvofaktorijalnog ogleda-model 2. (HadživukoviÄ, 1991). Komponente fenotipske varijanse, genotipski i fenotipski koeficijent varijacije i heritabilnost u Å”irem smislu izraÄunate su prema Singh i Chaudhary (1976). ZnaÄajna varijabilnost je dobijena za proseÄni sadržaj suve materije u lukovicama tokom obe godine istraživanja. Ispitivana osobina imala je varijansu genotipa veÄu od varijanse faktora spoljaÅ”nje sredine i koeficijent fenotipske varijacije veÄi od koeficijenta genetiÄke varijacije. VeÄi udeo genetiÄke u ukupnoj fenotipskoj varijabilnosti potvrÄuje visoka heritabilnost.
Characterization and utilization of the permeate and retentate obtained after ādead-endā ultrafiltration
In the recent years, with the increase in bioethanol production, the
increasing amounts of distillery wastewater are generated. Such wastewater
(stillage) is one of the most polluted waste product of the food and beverage
industries. The present study evaluates the treatment of distillery
wastewater by ultrafiltration (UF), in order to reduce its pollution and
evaluate the composition of the permeate and retentate. Polyethersulfone
ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) 30000 Da, was
used for the experiments. The UF was carried out in dead-end mode. The
results of the analyses of the permeate and retentate obtained after
ultrafiltration were considered as well as different ways for their further
utilization. The pollutant level in the permeate was decreased significantly
in comparison to the raw stillage, and suspended solids were completely
removed from the stillage. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br.
TR 31002
Microfiltration of distillery stillage: Influence of membrane pore size
Stillage is one of the most polluted waste products of the food industry. Beside large volume, the stillage contains high amount of suspended solids, high values of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand, so it should not be discharged in the nature before previous purification. In this work, three ceramic membranes for microfiltration with different pore sizes were tested for stillage purification in order to find the most suitable membrane for the filtration process. Ceramic membranes with a nominal pore size of 200 nm, 450 nm and 800 nm were used for filtration. The influence of pore size on permeate flux and removal efficiency was investigated. A membrane with the pore size of 200 nm showed the best filtration performance so it was chosen for the microfiltration process
Varijabilnost biohemijskih parametara krvnog seruma karakaÄanske ovce
Karakachan sheep represents an endangered, indigenous sheep breed from Balkan Peninsula. There is relatively little information about the characteristics of this sheep breed in the veterinary scientific literature. The aim of this research was an examination of certain metabolic profile parameters of the Karakachan sheep blood serum, and variability of their concentrations in comparison to age and some other indigenous sheep breeds from Balkans. Examination was conducted on 14 clinically healthy sheep divided in two age groups. Blood samples were collected by puncture of v. jugularis and blood serum was separated after spontaneous coagulation. The concentrations of total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and Ī³- glutamyl transferase (GGT) were determined. In relation to age of Karakachan sheep, statistically significant difference between the calculated mean values of examined parameters was not observed. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean concentrations of the studied parameters in Karakachan sheep and other breeds in total protein (Tsigai, Dubrovnik and Dalmatian sheep), albumin (Dalmatian), calcium and inorganic phosphorus (Tsigai, Dubrovnik) and AST's (Dalmatian, Karakachan sheep from Bulgaria).KarakaÄanska ovca je ugrožena autohtona rasa ovaca sa Balkanskog poluostrva, o Äijim rasnim karakteristikama postoji relativno malo podataka. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se u uzorcima krvnog seruma ispitaju odreÄeni biohemijski parametri karakaÄanske ovce i ustanove odstupanja njihovih vrednosti u odnosu na starost karakaÄanske ovce, kao i u odnosu na vrednosti istih parametara kod drugih autohtonih rasa ovaca Balkana. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaÄeno 14 kliniÄki zdravih ovaca podeljenih u dve starosne grupe. Uzorci krvi uzimani su punkcijom v. jugularis iz kojih je, nakon spontane koagulacije i centrifugovanja, izdvojen krvni serum. OdreÄivane su koncentracije ukupnih proteina, albumina, kalcijuma, neorganskog fosfora, aspartat amino transferaze (AST) i Ī³-glutamil transferaze (GGT). U odnosu na starost karakaÄanske ovce, nije ustanovljena statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika izmeÄu izraÄunatih srednjih vrednosti ispitivanih parametara. StatistiÄki znaÄajna razlika je ustanovljena izmeÄu srednjih vrednosti koncentracija ispitivanih parametara karakaÄanske ovce i drugih rasa za: ukupne proteine (cigaja, dubrovaÄka i dalmatinska ovca), albumin (dalmatinska), kalcijum i neorganski P (cigaja i dubrovaÄka) i aktivnosti AST-a (dalmatinska, karakaÄanska ovca iz Bugarske)
Procena energetskog statusa krava na osnovu telesne kondicije i parametara metaboliÄkog profila
The aim of this study was to assess the significance of body condition scoring and metabolic profile test for estimation of energy status of healthy high-yielding dairy cows. Twenty one healthy cows (primiparous and secundiparous) were divided into three groups: dry cows, early puerperal cows and early lactating cows. Cow's energy status was estimated by the analysis of blood samples for beta-hydroxybutirate (BHBA) and glucose. Additionally, urea, total bilirubine and total protein were measured in blood serum samples. According to body condition scores (BCS) results dry cows were overweight (4.03Ā±0.29 points). Immediately after calving, cows lost their weight significantly, since BCS was 2.85Ā±0.46 points at puerperal period and 3.12Ā±0.33 points at day 60 of lactation (p lt 0.001 compared to dry period, respectively). Glucose concentration did not change significantly between dry and puerperal period, while BHBA increased significantly (0.46Ā±0.14 mmol/l at dry period to 1.08Ā±0.21 mmol/l at puerperal period; p lt 0.001). Urea concentration did not change significantly during examined period. Total bilirubin concentration significantly increased from dry (6.31Ā±0.37 mmol/l) to puerperal period (7.63Ā±2.52 mmol/l; p lt 0.001 compared to dry period) and remained high until day 60 of lactation (7.62Ā±0.13 mmol/l; p lt 0.001 compared to dry period). Total protein concentration decreased from dry to puerperal period (69.59Ā±6.14 g/l to 58.87Ā±3.29 g/l; p lt 0.001). According to obtained results it can be concluded that cows were not in adequate energy status during transition period. Our results also indicate that, body condition scoring, BHBA and total bilirubin concentrations can be used as reliable indicators of cow's energy status even when there are not clinically visible health disorders.Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ukaže na znaÄaj metaboliÄkog profila i telesne kondicije u oceni energetskog statusa visoko-mleÄnih krava holÅ”tajn rase. Za ispitivanje su odabrane tri grupe po sedam krava. Uzorci krvi uzimani su u zasuÅ”enju (15 dana pre oÄekivanog teljenja), ranom puerperijumu (7 dana nakon teljenja) i 60. dana laktacije. U uzorcima sveže krvi odreÄivana je koncentracija glukoze i beta hidroksi-buterne kiseline (BHBA), a u uzorcima krvnog seruma koncentracija ukupnih proteina, ureje i ukupnog bilirubina. Rezultati ocene telesne kondicije pokazuju da su krave u periodu zasuÅ”enja preuhranjene (X=4,03Ā±0,29 poena), dok su u puerperijumu (X=2,85Ā±0,46 poena) i 60. dana laktacije (X=3,12Ā±0,33 poena) u znaÄajno slabijoj telesnoj kondiciji (p lt 0,001 u odnosu na zasuÅ”enje). Rezultati ispitivanja parametara metaboliÄkog profila ukazuju da je koncentracija proteina jedino u periodu ranog puerperijuma bila niža od fizioloÅ”ke vrednosti (X=56,87Ā±3,29 g/l). Koncentracija glukoze nije se statistiÄki znaÄajno menjala tokom ispitivanih perioda, dok je neposredno posle teljenja doÅ”lo do znaÄajnog poveÄanja koncentracije BHBA (p lt 0,001 u odnosu na zasuÅ”enje). Uremija u periodu zasuÅ”enja (X=7,73Ā±2,34 mmol/l), ranom puerperijumu (X=8,07Ā±3,09 mmol/l) i 60. dana laktacije (X=7,41Ā±2,03 mmol/l) bila je veÄa od gornje fizioloÅ”ke granice. Koncentracija ukupnog bilirubina u periodu zasuÅ”enja je bila znaÄajno niža (p lt 0,001) u odnosu na oba ispitivana perioda nakon teljenja. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zakljuÄiti da krave nisu adekvatno pripremljene za nastupajuÄu laktaciju, zbog Äega je kod njih doÅ”lo do znaÄajnog odstupanja u telesnoj kondiciji i vrednostima parametara metaboliÄkog profila. Ova odstupanja ukazuju na nedovoljnu sposobnost životinja da se prilagode u uslovima negativnog bilansa energije na poÄetku laktacije
The construction and characterization of MgO transmission dynodes
In this work we demonstrate that ultra-thin (5 and 15 nm) MgO transmission
dynodes (tynodes) with sufficient high transmission electron yield (TEY) can be
constructed. These tynodes act as electron amplification stages in a novel
vacuum electron multiplier: the Timed Photon Counter (TiPC). The ultra-thin
membranes with a diameter of 30 {\mu}m are arranged in a square 64-by-64-array.
The TEY was determined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) using primary
electrons with primary energies of 0.75 - 5 keV. The method allow us to make a
TEY map of the surface while simultaneously imaging the surface. The TEY of
individual membranes can be extracted from the TEY map. An averaged maximum TEY
of 4.6 +/- 0.2 was achieved by using 1.35 keV primary electrons on a TiN/MgO
bi-layer membrane with a layer thickness of 2 and 5 nm, respectively. The
TiN/MgO membrane with a layer thickness of 2 and 15 nm, respectively, has a
maximum TEY of 3.3 +/- 0.1 (2.35 keV). Furthermore, the effect of the electric
field strength on transmission (secondary) electron emission was investigated
by placing the emission surface of a tynode in close proximity to a planar
collector. By increasing the electric potential between the tynode and the
collector, from -50 V to -100 V, the averaged maximum TEY improved from 4.6 +/-
0.2 to 5.0 +/- 0.3 at a primary energy of 1.35 keV with an upper limit of 5.5
on one of the membranes
Material characterization of the main steam gate valve made of X20CrMoV 12.1 steel after long term service
Martensitic steel X20CrMo12.1 has been extensively used within the last few decades as a material for tubing systems and pipelines in thermal power plants (TPP). Long term behavior of this steel is very well known and understood and because of that was found to be reliable material for prolonged service at elevated temperatures. It is well known that during operation TPP components are subject to microstructural changes that inevitably reflect decrease in their mechanical properties that lead to the loss of structural integrity and serviceability of component. This paper deals with the comprehensive investigation carried out on the main steam gate valve parent material of welded joint, as a part of main steam pipeline, after 170.000 h of service (545 degrees C and 19MPa). The obtained results showed that the microstructural degradation caused by long term operation had little effects on the hardness and strength of material, while the changes in impact toughness were observed. Comprehensive microstructural analysis included the examination of the microstructure on the surface and trough the wall thickness
Material characterization of the main steam gate valve made of X20CrMoV 12.1 steel after long term service
Martensitic steel X20CrMo12.1 has been extensively used within the last few decades as a material for tubing systems and pipelines in thermal power plants (TPP). Long term behavior of this steel is very well known and understood and because of that was found to be reliable material for prolonged service at elevated temperatures. It is well known that during operation TPP components are subject to microstructural changes that inevitably reflect decrease in their mechanical properties that lead to the loss of structural integrity and serviceability of component. This paper deals with the comprehensive investigation carried out on the main steam gate valve parent material of welded joint, as a part of main steam pipeline, after 170.000 h of service (545 degrees C and 19MPa). The obtained results showed that the microstructural degradation caused by long term operation had little effects on the hardness and strength of material, while the changes in impact toughness were observed. Comprehensive microstructural analysis included the examination of the microstructure on the surface and trough the wall thickness
Ultra-thin corrugated metamaterial film as large-area transmission dynode
Large-area transmission dynodes were fabricated by depositing an ultra-thin
continuous film on a silicon wafer with a 3-dimensional pattern. After removing
the silicon, a corrugated membrane with enhanced mechanical properties was
formed. Mechanical materials, such as this corrugated membrane, are engineered
to improve its strength and robustness, which allows it to span a larger
surface in comparison to flat membranes while the film thickness remains
constant. The ultra-thin film consists of three layers (AlO
/TiN/AlO) and is deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The
encapsulated TiN layer provides in-plane conductivity, which is needed to
sustain secondary electron emission. Two types of corrugated membranes were
fabricated: a hexagonal honeycomb and an octagonal pattern. The latter was
designed to match the square pitch of a CMOS pixel chip. The transmission
secondary electron yield was determined with a collector-based method using a
scanning electron microscope. The highest transmission electron yield was
measured on a membrane with an octagonal pattern. A yield of 2.15 was achieved
for 3.15 keV incident electrons for an AlO /TiN/AlO tri-layer
film with layer thicknesses of 10/5/15 nm. The variation in yield across the
surface of the corrugated membrane was determined by constructing a yield map.
The active surface for transmission secondary electron emission is near 100%,
i.e. a primary electron generates transmission secondary electrons regardless
of the point of impact on the corrugated membrane
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