Effect of Home Bleaching Agents on The Surface Hardness Of Flowable Bulk Fill Resin Composite

Composite resins have disadvantages such as low hardness level, shrinkage, and micro-leakage. In the case of deep cavity restorations, bulk-fill composite resins have begun to be used because they facilitate the restoration work and make the restoration time shorter. Purpose: This study was used to determine whether home bleaching treatment using hydrograph peroxide and carbamide peroxide can reduce the surface hardness of flowable bulk-fill composite resins. Methods: The research sample is cylindrical with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm, this study was divided into 3 groups. Then each group was measured by Vickers Hardness Tester. Results: In the One Way Anova test the value of p = 0.020 was obtained. This indicates a significant difference in the surface hardness of bulk-fill flowable composite resins and a Post hoc test - Tukey HSD must be performed. Conclusion: The results show that hydrogen peroxide home bleaching agent can significantly reduce the surface hardness of bulk-fill flowable composite resin

Expression Analysis of T Lymphocyte (CD8+) in Severe Early Childhood Caries

In children younger than three years are considered as Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC). This analytic observational study compared the level of CD8+ expression in saliva of children with S-ECC and free-caries children. Lymphocyte cells contained in saliva acquired by instructing the experimental subjects to gargle 10 ml of 1.5% NaCl solution. The expression of T lymphocyte (CD8+) was analyzed by means of flow cytometry. The expression of T lymphocyte (CD8+) in children with S-ECC (0.3400±0.14726) was higher than free-caries group (0.3250±0.11301) with P value of 0.655

Effect of glutaraldehyde on the characteristics of chitosan–gelatin–β-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds

A composite scaffold was successfully fabricated using β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP), which is extracted from limestone by first sintering and then reacting it with phosphoric acid through wet precipitation method. The resultant substance is then mixed with chitosan and gelatin. This novel method utilizes limestone, which is abundant in nature. This study optimizes the composite scaffold fabrication by using βTCP from limestone and evaluating the effect of glutaraldehyde on scaffold characteristics. The freeze-drying method was used to obtain a porous scaffold. The compressive strength of the cross-linked scaffolds (3.3 ± 0.3 MPa) was significantly higher than that of scaffolds without glutaraldehyde (1.7 ± 0.2 MPa). In contrast, the porosity of the cross-linked scaffolds was lower (85.8 ± 0.8 %) than the non-cross-linked scaffolds (89.1 ± 0.4 %). It is clear that the porosity had a considerable impact on the compressive strength, wherein lower porosity led to a higher compressive strength. In conclusion, glutaraldehyde is an effective cross-linker for the fabrication of chitosan–gelatin–βTCP composite scaffolds and significantly improves their compressive strength

Analysis of Interleukin-10 Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Salivary Lymphocyte Surface: A cross Sectional Study

Aim: To analyze the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and caries-free children. Materials and Methods: This was an observational analytic pilot study performed on children with social factors-ECC (S-ECC), and caries-free children as the objects of research with a cross-sectional study design. Saliva of children aged 4–6 years from the group of caries children in severe and caries-free early childhood was taken. Samples were taken by rinsing with 1.5% sterile NaCl for 30 s and then accommodated in a sterile tube, to get a 40 mL sample from the aforementioned procedure repeated four times. Flow-cytometry test was used to analyze the IL-10 expression. The results of the study were analyzed using the normality test using Shapiro–Wilk, then continued with t test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program,version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The data were analyzed by independent t test to see the difference between cariesfree children and S-ECC. Results: The expression of IL-10 in the saliva of children with severe ECC was 3.32 ± 0.79; meanwhile, in caries-free children it was 4.04 ± 0.65. Conclusion: The IL-10 expression in children with severe ECC was ignificantly lower than that of in caries-free childre

Correlation between human neutrophil peptide 1–3 secretion andazurophilic granule (CD63) expression in early childhood caries

Background: In saliva, neutrophil constitutes the most prominent first‑line defense of immune cells against pathogenic microbes. The importance of neutrophils to the host immune systems of neutropenic or patients disabled with regard to their neutrophil function results in a tendency toward serious infections, such as early childhood caries (ECC). The cytoplasmic granules present in neutrophils play a major role in neutrophil‑mediated inflammation. Azurophilic granules contain antimicrobial proteins, such as defensin, a human antimicrobial peptide (HNP 1–3). The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation of HNP 1–3 secretion with CD63 expression on the surface of salivary neutrophils. Materials and Methods: This study constituted a cross‑sectional, analytical observational study. Saliva taken from preschoolchildren between the ages of 4–6 years who had been divided into two groups, i.e., early childhood caries group with decayed, extracted, filled teeth (def‑t) index >6 and caries free with def‑t = 0, was subjected to a HNP 1–3 secretion test using ELISA assay and an expression test for CD63 by means of a flow cytometry test. The results obtained were analyzed using independent t‑test and Pearson correlation (P < 0.05). Results: The secretion of HNP 1–3 in the saliva of ECC was higher (172.6 ± 41.64) compared to that of caries‑free cases (140.39 ± 31.91), whereas the level of CD63 salivary expression in ECC was lower (2.32 ± 0.57) than in the presence of caries (2.67 ± 0.46). Conclusion: In ECC cases, saliva increases HNP 1–3 secretion but decreases CD63 expression on the surface of salivary neutrophils

HPLC Analysis of Residual Monomers in Ternary Bis-GMAITEGDMA /Urethane Resin Systems

This article was presented at the 78th Hiroshima Daigaku Shigakkai Reikai, Hiroshima City, on February 4, 1995

Peran Dan Fungsi Immune System (Innate Dan Adaptive Immunity) Melalui Proliferasi Sel Limfosit Dan Ekspresi IL-10, IFN-ᵧ, CD3, CD16, CD19, CD59, CD4, CD8 Pada Severe Early Childhood Caries

Karies gigi merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis, multifaktorial yang terjadi karena pergesaran mikrobiologi dalam biofilm. Pergeseran biofilm. Pergeseran flora biofilm yang disebabkan kebersihan rongga mulut yang jelek, faktor genetik, dan perubahan kekebalan dalam waktu yang lama menyebabkan peningkatan Streptococcus mutans yang berakibat pada penurunan pH dan demineralisasi pada permukaan gigi. Immune system tubuh berfungsi untuk mempertahankan tubuh manusia dari foreign inviders. Sistem kekebalan tubuh yang terganggu dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit infeksi, peran Immune system tubuh menjadi semakin penting dalam memahami mekanisme penyakit

Neovascular pattern in wound healing after zinc oxide and Curcuma longa rhizome extract dressing application

Introduction: Zinc oxide-eugenol dressing is widely used in the dentistry field. Eugenol in wound dressing acts as an antibacterial and analgesic agent but known to cause hypersensitivity reaction and allergies. Curcuma longa rhizome extract could perform as a substitute of eugenol as its active compounds have an anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. It has also been shown to have proangiogenic and promote wound healing. This study aimed to discover the number of neovascular in the wound healing process after the application of zinc oxide and C. longa rhizome extract wound dressing. Materials and Methods: Full-thickness excision wound of 6 mm × 6 mm was made in the dorsal of 32 Wistar strains Rattus norvegicus, before being equally divided into eight groups (n = 4): four control groups (C3, C5, C7, and C14) without any dressing and 4 treatment groups (T3, T5, T7, and T14) were dressed with zinc oxide and C. longa extract wound dressing. The rats consecutively sacrificed on day 3 (C3, T3), day 5 (C5, T5), day 7 (C7, T7), and day 14 (C14, T14) to observe the neovascular pattern and number using H and E staining. Obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The neovascular growth in both control and treatment groups have the same pattern, while the number of neovascular in treatment groups significantly higher than the control groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Wound dressing combination of zinc oxide and C. longa extract can increase the number of neovascular in the wound healing process, while the optimum duration of application is 14 days

Potency of Okra Fruit Extract (Abelmoschus esculentus) Against Porphyromonas Gingivalis as the Cause of Chronic Periodontitis

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is an etiological agent of chronic periodontitis which is the main component of oral cavity microorganism. Porphyromonas gingivalis correlates with chronic periodontitis because it has the ability to avoid host immunity without inhibiting the inflammatory response that occurs which greatly benefits the presence of P. gingivalis and other bacteria while gingival crevicular fluid is an important source of nutrition because it contains peptides and iron. To prove that okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit extract has the potential to inhibit and kill P. gingivalis which is a microorganism that causes chronic periodontitis. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by using a serial dilution test. One Way Anova test showed a significant difference (p = 0.000) then based on the Tukey HSD test showed a significant difference between the okra fruit extract (100%, 3.125%, 1.565% concentration) group with positive control. Okra fruit extract have potency to eliminate in P.gingivalis that causes aggressive periodontitis indicated by MIC at concentrations 3.125% and MBC at concentrations of 6.25