Influence of the structural and functional characteristics of the seeding material on the yield structure elements and resistance to leaf diseases of spring soft wheat

Received: January 25th, 2021 ; Accepted: November 5th, 2021 ; Published: November 15th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] high-quality grain use when sowing is a necessary condition for obtaining a high yield. Along with the standard tests regulated by the ISTA (International Seed Testing Association), there are promising introscopic techniques for the seed material quality controlling - methods of microfocus radiography and gas discharge visualization (electrophotography). The effect of structural and functional characteristics of the seeding material on the wheat productivity and diseases resistance was studied out on the experimental field of the Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Ten accessions of soft wheat with the ‘parametric passport’ (including more than thirty optical parameters, including gas discharge images, morpho- and densitometric analysis of X-ray patterns) were used as an experimental seeding material. Unviable wheat seeds, in comparison with healthy ones, were characterized mainly by a smaller area, form coefficient, standard deviation of three-dimensional fractality by isoline, entropy by isoline, higher brightness and standard deviation of the isoline radius of the gas discharge images. Morpho- and densitometric indices of unviable seeds differed in reduced values of the circle factor, roundness, minimum and maximum average brightness, but in greater elongation and optical density of the X-ray patterns projection. The intensity of wheat affection by diseases has varied depending on the structural and functional characteristics of seeds. It was noted, that the brown rust development decreased with an increase in the entropy by isoline, the contour irregularity and the average radius of the isoline

The effectiveness of biopreparations in soft wheat cultivation and the quality assessment of the grain by the digital x-ray imaging

The main trend of modern crop production is the expansion of the use of plant protection solutions and technologies, that ensure not only effective management of the number of populations of harmful organisms, but also the production of environmentally safe agricultural products with minimal anthropogenic impact on agro-ecosystems. One of our priorities is to develop new environmentally sound polyfunctional biopreparations, that combine useful properties of microbial strains such as phytopathogen antagonists and chitosan compositions that increase disease resistance. The introscopic analysis of the seed material quality realized with the non–destructive express techniques application was used for evaluation the effectiveness of the compositions' complex influence on plants. The research studies the effectiveness of the influence of Bacillus subtilis strains and chitosan compositions, including their combined effect, on soft wheat productivity and its damage by disease agents. Data on the quality assessment of the grain using microfocus x-ray radiography and gas-discharge visualization (electrophotography) are also provided. The complex of more than 20 structural elements of wheat productivity was analysed during the research. Assessment of the plant damage intensity according to the standard criterion – the disease development, and additional phytopathological indicators was carried out. The evaluation of the grains’ introscopic characteristics was carried out by the microfocus x-ray radiography techniques combined with the digital x-ray image analysis. It is shown that the biopreparation complexes, containing B. subtilis strains and Chitosan, have a combined biological activity manifested in the optimization of wheat plants’ physiological state, increasing productivity, diseases resistance

Multifunctional biologics which combine microbial anti-fungal strains with chitosan improve soft wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yield and grain quality

Plant science

Geometrical parameters and colour index of chive (Allium schoenoprasum) seed

Digital morphometric analysis is the future in developing and integrating new technologies into multifaceted systems of plant biology. This method can be used in crop science, including the external parameters of the seeds. The linear dimensions and shape of the seeds are important indicators of their quality. Therefore, by measuring and analyzing the linear dimensions of the seeds, having determined their shape, a preliminary conclusion can be made about their sowing qualities. Based on this, the morphometric parameters of the seeds of 8 varieties of chives were studied during 2019 at the bio-collection of VNIIO, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, Federal Scientific Research Center (Moscow Region) by digital scanning and computer image analysis. Seeds of varieties Medonos and Chemal, Siberian subspecies (subsp. sibiricum (L.) Hartm.) and Vostochny subspecies (subsp. alpinum DC.) of the 2017 crop; varieties Mudrets and Prazsky Krayova, varieties from the South Ural Botanical Garden Institute of the UFIC RAS (UUBSI UFIC RAS) and the Kuzbass Botanical Garden (KuzBS) FSBIU “FITS UUH SB RAS”-2018 crop. Plants 3-4 years of age. The morphometric and optical parameters of the seeds were measured using the VideoTesT-Morphology software (Argus-BIO) produced by ArgusSoft Ltd, St. Petersburg (Russia). Morphometric analysis of the seeds of various chive varieties showed a significant difference in their linear parameters, shape indices, brightness and color characteristics: projection area (2.39…3,06 mm), perimeter (6.25…7.15 mm), length (2.62…3.04 mm), width (1.27…1.47 mm), average size (1.97…2.24 mm), circle factor (0.73…0.77 unit), roundness (0.43…0.78 unit), elongation (1.99…2.21 unit), average brightness (47.7…61.6 unit), brightness deviation (22.5…40.4 unit), color components of red, green and blue according to the RGB model. The high accuracy of measurements over a wide range of morphometric parameters makes it possible not only to analyze ecologically and metrically different-quality seeds in the future, but also to be successfully used to solve botanical problems in plant taxonomy, including the external features of the seed. © 2020, Gaurav Society of Agricultural Research Information Centre. All rights reserved

Impacts of high temperature on embryonic growth and seed germination of dill (Anethum graveolens)

Temperature is the main exogenous factor that determines the growth, development and productivity of agricultural plants, including seed germination. In this work, we studied the thermosensitivity of heterogeneous dill seeds (Anethum graveolens). The study aimed to study the short-term (1-5 days) effect of high temperature (40 degrees C) on the growth of the embryo and germination of dill seeds formed on different umbels of the mother plant. The growth of the embryo had a significant effect on seed germination (r = 0.976; P < 0.001). Seeds collected from primary umbels have a more developed embryo and can overcome the effects of thermal stress. We also found that the duration of heat exposure at 40 degrees C, leading to a decrease in viability, can vary from 1-5 days for seeds from primary umbels, to 1-2 days for seeds from secondary umbels, which, in our opinion, is due to the heteromorphism. The influence of the place of seed formation on the mother plant and the high temperature during germination is critical for embryo growth and dill seeds' germination