Primary ovarian pregnancy: histopathology remains the key to confirming diagnosis setting

Ectopic pregnancy occurs in 2% of all pregnancies. Primary ovarian pregnancy is a rare entity and accounts for only 0.15-3% of all ectopic gestations. It usually ends with rupture before the end of first trimester. The diagnosis is often made intraoperatively and confirmed histopathologically. A 23 year old female presented with severe hypogastric abdominal pain with no history of amenorrhea. She underwent a laprotomy and a right sided salpingo-oopherectomy and the excised material was sent for histopathological examination. Chorionic villi were seen within the ovarian stroma suggesting the likely possibility of an ovarian pregnancy. Ovarian pregnancy is rare; although awareness of this condition is important for reducing its associated morbidity and mortality. This highlights the importance of histopathology for the accurate diagnosis of this condition

Depression among Adolescent Students in a Rural Block of Haryana: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Depression among adolescent is an area of increasing concern worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression among school going adolescents in government and private schools in a rural area of block Beri of Haryana. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a sample size of 600 students (300 males and 300 females) studying in class 8th to 12th. A pre designed, pre tested tool SCL 90 R containing 90 items was used to screen depression in these students. Depression is one of the psychiatric morbidity screened by this tool. Cut off point of estimated raw score of 1 was used to label as depression. All the statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 20. Results: The overall prevalence of depression was found to be 39.1% with mild depression to be 33.1% and moderate to severe depression to be 6%. Depression was significantly more among female students (45%) than male students (33.3%). Overall prevalence of depression significantly increased with age. It was found to be 34.3% among 13-14 years age-group, 41% among 15-16 years age-group and 57.1% among 17-19 years age-group. The association of depression with other socio demographic profile like socio economic status, literacy level of mother and father, employment status of mother was found to be non-significant. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that more than one – third (39%) of school adolescents suffered from depression. Reasons for such high prevalence of depression need to be determined. At the same time teachers and parents should be made aware of this problem and appropriate counselling of students should be done through regular school-based screening programme.

Design of Solar-Biomass-Biogas Based Hybrid System for Rural Electrification with Environmental Benefits

After so many years of independence, India still has many villages that are not electrified or grid supply is rarely available. However, there is a lot of scope of tapping the renewable energy resources for power generation at these locations. In the present investigation, optimal design of hybrid power system by utilizing locally available renewable energy resources like solar, biomass and biogas has been carried out and presented. Four different configurations have been compared on the basis of techno-economic evaluation.The proposed model has least net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE) and negligible green house gas emission

A radiological study of ossification at the lower end of humerus for age estimation among boys in Central Karnataka, India

Background: The earlier studies which were conducted across the world on long bones to know the age reveal that there is no uniform sequence for the epiphyseal union of long bones in different countries or different places in the same country. To ascertain this in Central Karnataka, India present study was done.Methods: A radiological study of lower end of Humerus was conducted on total 100 boys of age group 11–20 years from different schools and colleges of Chitradurga district of central Karnataka, India. The radiographs were studied in detail and the findings were recorded.Results: Fusion of epiphyseal centre of lateral epicondyle with that of Capitulum was seen between 12–15 years. Fusion of epiphyseal centre of Capitulum with that of Trochlea was seen between 12–15 years. Fusion of conjoint epiphysis with the shaft was seen between 12–16 years. Fusion of epiphyseal centre of medial epicondyle with shaft was seen between 14-17 years.Conclusions: In general, fusion of epiphysis occurs around 12-17 years

A comprehensive overview of Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.)

Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) is very revered herb of the Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine for treatment of various kinds of diseases. Its various parts conatain variety of chemical constituents which are found medicinally important. Although the review articles on this plant are already published, this review article is presented to compile the complete literature review of Gokshura from Brihatrayi and updated information on its pharmacological activities, which are performed by widely different experiments. Various studies which are done on Gokshura revealed the result that the plant possesses Antiurolithiatic, Antimicrobial, Antihelminthic, Cardiotonic, Anti- inflammatory, Hypolipidemic, Immunomodulatory, Antispasmodic, Analgesic, Aphrodisiac, Antidiabetic, Anti-tumour, Hepato-protective, Anticarious, Anti-oxidant, CNS modulator properties. Considering its therapeutic values, a review has been done to gather complete information on different aspects of Gokshura

Isolated Sternal Tuberculosis Presenting as a Chest Wall Abscess: A Case Report

In India, pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 85% of cases and extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 15% of cases with bone and joint involvement is seen in 1 to 3% of cases. Primary tuberculous osteomyelitis of the sternum is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A 51-year-old male presented with 10 years history of swelling over the anterior chest wall and pain for past 6 months. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed a markedly granular necrotic background. Ziehl-Neelsen staining was positive for acid-fast bacilli and a diagnosis of the tubercular abscess was made. Chest X-ray was normal. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was done, which gave an evidence of the erosion of the anterior surface of the sternum. Tuberculosis of the sternum is a rare form of flat bone tuberculosis. The possibility of sternal tuberculosis should be kept in mind in any patient with a mass, non-healing ulcer, or abscess in the sternal region

A cadaveric study on anatomical variations of kidney and ureter in India

Background: The kidneys are a pair of bean - shaped organ located in the back of the abdomen between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is about 4 or 5 inches long - about the size of a fist. The objective of this study was to study the major anatomical variations of kidney and urinary tract.Methods: The study was conducted during routine dissections of 32 cadavers over a period of 5 years. All specimens included in the study was adult cadavers of which 20 were males and 12 were females.Results: Out of 32 cadavers, 1 cadaver showed bilateral and 2 showed unilateral (2 L) lobulated kidney, 2 cadavers showed unilateral (1 L,1 R) and 1 showed bilateral accessory renal artery. 2 cadavers showed unilateral (1 L,1 R) incomplete double ureter.Conclusions: 12.5% of the cadavers showed anatomical variations in kidney and 6.25% showed bifid ureter. The knowledge of anatomical variations of kidney and ureter is of great importance for surgical, radiological and academic perspective. Hence, the early detection may be helpful in better management and increased survival rates

Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods of Mule Dung

DNA isolation is a critical step in microbial community analysis of animal dung. DNA isolation from mule dung is challenging due to microbial diversity, composition and chemical nature of mule dung. Therefore, selection of an appropriate DNA isolation method is important to analyse the complete microbial diversity. In the current study, we evaluated the DNA isolation from mule dung samples (n=11) using QiAmp Mini stool kit as per manufacturer’s procedure with modifications. The results suggest that modifications in proprietary column based method improved the DNA quality and quantity suitable for mule dung microbial community analyses

Social distance and face mask detector system exploiting transfer learning

As time advances, the use of deep learning-based object detection algorithms has also evolved leading to developments of new human-computer interactions, facilitating an exploration of various domains. Considering the automated process of detection, systems suitable for detecting violations are developed. One such applications is the social distancing and face mask detectors to control air-borne diseases. The objective of this research is to deploy transfer learning on object detection models for spotting violations in face masks and physical distance rules in real-time. The common drawbacks of existing models are low accuracy and inability to detect in real-time. The MobileNetV2 object detection model and YOLOv3 model with Euclidean distance measure have been used for detection of face mask and physical distancing. A proactive transfer learning approach is used to perform the functionality of face mask classification on the patterns obtained from the social distance detector model. On implementing the application on various surveillance footage, it was observed that the system could classify masked and unmasked faces and if social distancing was maintained or not with accuracies 99% and 94% respectively. The models exhibited high accuracy on testing and the system can be infused with the existing internet protocol (IP) cameras or surveillance systems for real-time surveillance of face masks and physical distancing rules effectively