Emergent Correlations in Gene Expression Dynamics as Footprints of Resource Competition

Genetic circuits need a cellular environment to operate in, which naturally couples the circuit function with the overall functionality of gene regulatory network. To execute their functions all gene circuits draw resources in the form of RNA polymerases, ribosomes, and tRNAs. Recent experiments pointed out that the role of resource competition on synthetic circuit outputs could be immense. However, the effect of complexity of the circuit architecture on resource sharing dynamics is yet unexplored. In this paper, we employ mathematical modelling and in-silico experiments to identify the sources of resource trade-off and to quantify its impact on the function of a genetic circuit, keeping our focus on regulation of immediate downstream proteins. We take the example of the fluorescent reporters, which are often used as protein read-outs. We show that estimating gene expression dynamics from readings of downstream protein data might be unreliable when the resource is limited and ribosome affinities are asymmetric. We focus on the impact of mRNA copy number and RBS strength on the nonlinear isocline that emerges with two regimes, prominently separated by a tipping point, and study how correlation and competition dominate each other depending on various circuit parameters. Focusing further on genetic toggle circuit, we have identified major effects of resource competition in this model motif, and quantified the observations. The observations are testable in wet-lab experiments, as all the parameters chosen are experimentally relevant.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

Quantitative Modelling of Diffusion-driven Pattern Formation in microRNA-regulated Gene Expression

MicroRNAs are extensively known for post-transcriptional gene regulation and pattern formation in the embryonic developmental stage. We explore the origin of these spatio-temporal patterns mathematically, considering three different motifs here. For three scenarios, (1) simple microRNA-based mRNA regulation with a graded response in output, (2) microRNA-based mRNA regulation resulting in bistability in the dynamics, and (3) a coordinated response of microRNA (miRNA), simultaneously regulating the mRNAs of two different pools, detailed dynamical analysis, as well as the reaction-diffusion scenario have been considered and analyzed in the steady state and for the transient dynamics further. We have observed persistent-temporal patterns, as a result of the dynamics of the motifs, that explain spatial gradients and relevant patterns formed by related proteins in development and phenotypic heterogenetic aspects in biological systems. Competitive effects of miRNA regulation have also been found to be capable to cause spatio-temporal patterns, persistent enough to direct developmental decisions. Under coordinated regulation, miRNAs are found to generate spatio-temporal patterning even from complete homogeneity in concentration of target protein, which may have impactful insights in choice of cell-fates.Comment: 31 page

Electron-electron two stream instability in n-GaAs plasma embedded with a nanoparticle

Electron-electron two stream instability in many valley semiconductors like n-GaAs embedded with a nanoparticle has been studied in hydrodynamic regime. The ingredients of this study are the consideration of polar optical phonon as the dominant intravalley scattering mechanism and a drifted Maxwellian distribution for the carriers in each valley of the medium. A dispersion relation has been developed by the self consistent solution of the momentum transfer, continuity and Maxwell’s equations. Typical values of the parameters of n-GaAs at room temperature are considered for analyzing the dispersion relation of the electrostatic wave. Detail qualitative analysis of the convective instability of possible four modes of propagation reveals that the dispersion, propagation and gain profiles of all the four modes have been affected profoundly by the presence of a nanoparticle in the medium via electron plasma frequency of electron cloud present in the nanoparticle

Exclusion principle for nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence

Coherences in mutually unbiased bases of states of an isolated quantum system follow a complementarity relation. The nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC), defined in a bipartite scenario, is a situation in which the average quantum coherences of the ensembles of one subsystem, effected by a measurement performed on the other subsystem, violates the complementarity relation. We analyze two criteria to detect NAQC for bipartite quantum states. We construct a more generalized version of the criterion to detect NAQC that is better than the standard criterion as it can capture more states exhibiting NAQC. We prove the local unitary invariance of these NAQC criteria. Further on, we focus on investigating the monogamy properties of NAQC in the tripartite scenario. We check for monogamy of NAQC from two perspectives, differentiated by whether or not the nodal observer in the monogamy relation performs the measurement for the nonlocal advantage. We find in particular that in the case where the nodal observer does not perform the measurement, a strong monogamy relation - an exclusion principle - is exhibited by NAQC.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Modified celestial amplitude in Einstein gravity

In this paper we evaluate the modified celestial amplitude for gravitons and gluons, as defined in [4]. We find that the modified (tree) amplitude is finite for gravitons in Einstein gravity. The modified amplitude behaves like correlation function of operators inserted at various points of null-infinity in the Minkowski space-time. Therefore, unlike the standard celestial amplitudes, these are three dimensional objects. We also show that this amplitude admits conformal soft factorization recently studied in the literature

3D Printing in Restorative Dentistry

The term 3 D printing is generally used to describe a manufacturing approach that builds objects one layer at a time, adding multiple layers to form an object The presentation aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the use of 3 D printing technology in restorative dentistry and its potential impact on the fiel

Waste To Wonder: Production Of Bio-Diesel From Agri-Waste- A Comprehensive Review

In the contemporary era, the world is grappling with the challenges posed by the excessive consumption of fossil fuels and the degradation of the environment. The quest for an alternative fuel source that aligns harmoniously with sustainable development, energy preservation, efficiency, and environmental protection has gained paramount importance. This issue is particularly salient in our modern lives. The physical and chemical attributes of vegetable oil closely resemble those of mineral diesel. Consequently, vegetable oil has emerged as a viable substitute for diesel. However, it's worth noting that unrestricted utilization of vegetable oils can lead to a range of engine-related complications. To address this, the process of trans-esterification has demonstrated its efficacy as a productive method to refine vegetable oil for use as fuel. This study focuses on conducting a comprehensive review of existing literature to assess the viability of pumpkin seed oil and its biodiesel as a feasible alternative to traditional diesel