Industrial application of all oxide ceramic matrix composites

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Russland beendet die vorläufige Anwendung des Energiecharta-Vertrages

Russland verlässt den Energiechartaprozess. Am 30. Juli 2009 verfügte die russische Regierung – von der westlichen Öffentlichkeit weitgehend unbeachtet – die dafür notwendigen Schritte einzuleiten. Konkret wird Russland per Notifikation mitteilen, nicht mehr Vertragspartei des Energiechartavertrages werden zu wollen. Damit ist auch das Ende der vorläufigen Anwendung des Vertrages durch Russland absehbar. Im Folgenden soll nach einem Überblick über den Energiechartaprozess eine Einschätzung der Entscheidung der russischen Regierung und ihrer Konsequenzen gegeben werden

HRSC Mapping Database: A New Tool to Collect and View Available HRSC-Based Geological Maps Worldwide

We present a new online database for quick and easy access to already published HRSC-based geological mappings on Mars

Comparison of urinary monitoring, faecal monitoring and erythrocyte analysis of stable isotope labels to determine magnesium absorption in human subjects

We have evaluated urinary monitoring and erythrocyte analysis to determine Mg absorption in human subjects as alternatives to the conventional technique of faecal monitoring by stable-isotope techniques. Ten healthy adults received 2·2 mmol 25Mg in water, together with wheat bread, followed 15 min later by intravenous injection of 0·6 mmol 26Mg (day 1). Brilliant blue and Yb (given on day 0 and day 1 respectively) served as qualitative and quantitative faecal markers. Urine was collected for 6 d after test meal intake. Complete collections of faeces were made until excretion of the second brilliant blue marker (given on day 7). Mg isotope ratios were determined by thermal ionisation-MS in urine and faeces and by inductively coupled plasma-MS in erythrocytes. Absorption was determined based on: (1) 6 d urine pools; (2) 24 h urine pools (collected 22-46 h after test meal intake); (3) erythrocytes from a blood sample drawn on day 14; (4) complete 6 d faecal pools; (5) faecal pools based on the first three consecutive stools after excretion of the first brilliant blue marker. Differences in mean Mg absorption (42 44 %) were statistically insignificant between techniques, except when based on 6 d urine pools for which the value was significantly lower (33 (sd 7) %, P=0·0003, ANOVA). The results indicate that Mg absorption can be determined from 24 h urine pools or erythrocytes obtained 14 d after test meal intake, an alternative method to the more time-consuming and labour-intense faecal monitoring. The choice of technique depends on practical and financial consideration

Detection of prions in blood from patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Prions can be detected in blood from patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with high sensitivity and specificity.</jats:p

Bis(μ-N-benzyl-N-methyl­dithio­carbamato)-1:2κ3 S,S′:S′;1:2κ3 S:S,S′-bis­[bis­(N-benzyl-N-methyl­dithio­carbamato-κ2 S,S′)thallium(III)]

The molecule of the dinuclear title compound, [Tl2(C9H10NS2)6], possesses a crystallographically imposed centre of symmetry. Each TlIII atom is seven-coordinated by S atoms of four different dithio­carbamate anions in a distorted penta­gonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry. The crystal structure is stabilized by a C—H⋯S hydrogen-bond inter­action linking complex mol­ecules into chains running parallel to the b axis. Intramolecular C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds are also present

Electrochemically generated peryleniumyl-hexafluorophosphate and hexafluoroarsenate : new one-dimensional metals

Compounds of stoichiometry (pe)2(PF6)1.1x times 0.8CH2Cl2(1) (pe = perylene), (pe)2(AsF6)1.1 timesx 0.7 CH2Cl2 (2), (pe)2(PF6)1.4 times 0.6 THF (3), (pe)2(AsF6)1.5x times 0.5 THF (4) and (pe)3(SbF6)2 times 0.75 CH2Cl2 (5) have been obtained as crystalline samples by electrochemical deposition from CH2Cl2 [(1), (2) and (5)] or from THF [(3) and (4)] solutions of perylene, containing the appropriate counterion. The three compounds (1)-(3) crystallize in isomorphous orthorhombic lattices. (1) forms black needles: space group Pnmn with a = 4.285 Aring, b = 12.915 Aring and c = 14.033 Aring, z = 1. (2) gives black needles, orthorhombic space group Pnmn with a = 4.294 Aring, b = 13.077 Aring, and c = 14.132 Aring, z = 1. The structures of (1) and (2) were solved by direct methods and refined by least squares to final R = 0.148 and R = 0.088 based on 476 and 322 observed reflections. The perylene forms segregated stacks in direction of the a-axis with interplanar distances of 3.40 Aring and an angle of 37.7° between the bc-plane and the perylene. The channels between the segregated stacks are filled by anions and solvent molecules. The d.c. conductivities (four probe measurements) of (1)-(4) fall in the range of 70-1200&#937;-1. cm-1 at room temperature. The conductivities show a metallic regime down to about 200°K and drop off below that temperature

The ecology of chronic wasting disease in wildlife

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Prions are misfolded infectious proteins responsible for a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion diseases. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is the prion disease with the highest spillover potential, affecting at least seven Cervidae (deer) species. The zoonotic potential of CWD is inconclusive and cannot be ruled out. A risk of infection for other domestic and wildlife species is also plausible. Here, we review the current status of the knowledge with respect to CWD ecology in wildlife. Our current understanding of the geographic distribution of CWD lacks spatial and temporal detail, does not consider the biogeography of infectious diseases, and is largely biased by sampling based on hunters’ cooperation and funding available for each region. Limitations of the methods used for data collection suggest that the extent and prevalence of CWD in wildlife is underestimated. If the zoonotic potential of CWD is confirmed in the short term, as suggested by recent results obtained in experimental animal models, there will be limited accurate epidemiological data to inform public health. Research gaps in CWD prion ecology include the need to identify specific biological characteristics of potential CWD reservoir species that better explain susceptibility to spillover, landscape and climate configurations that are suitable for CWD transmission, and the magnitude of sampling bias in our current understanding of CWD distribution and risk. Addressing these research gaps will help anticipate novel areas and species where CWD spillover is expected, which will inform control strategies. From an ecological perspective, control strategies could include assessing restoration of natural predators of CWD reservoirs, ultrasensitive CWD detection in biotic and abiotic reservoirs, and deer density and landscape modification to reduce CWD spread and prevalence