Freshness Detection and Classification of Chicken Eggs using Spectroscopy

The poultry industry plays a pivotal role in India's economy, with particular emphasis on egg production. India ranks as the world's third-largest producer of chicken eggs. Eggs are a delicate component of the human diet, and their quality can undergo substantial changes during storage. This has implications for egg quality and the classification of chicken eggs, both of which are critical factors affecting the poultry sector. Globally, numerous chicken breeds are being developed, necessitating the classification of eggs based on breed due to varying atmospheric conditions required for their storage. However, in India, there is a lack of technical methods for classifying eggs from different chicken breeds. The primary challenges faced by the poultry industry in India revolve around maintaining egg freshness and accurately classifying eggs by breed. While developed countries employ grading systems for eggs, this practice is less common in developing nations like India. To address these challenges, this study aims to propose a model that utilizes spectroscopy as a non-destructive method for assessing egg quality and freshness. The model seeks to establish a link between spectral data, collected using a handheld SCiO NIR spectrometer with wavelengths ranging from 740nm to 1070nm at a spectral resolution of 1 nm, and established destructive methods, particularly Haugh Units, to determine egg freshness based on storage duration

“CSMA-Based Link Scheduling in Multihop MIMO Networks using SINR Model ”

The main aim of this study to resolve the problem of distributed scheduling in multi-hop MIMO networks. We will first develop a “MIMO pipe” model which will provide the required SINR , which gives the rate-reliability tradeoff in MIMO communications.Here we are going to study development of CSMA-based MIMO-pipe scheduling especially under the SINR model.We are going to choose the SINR model over the conventionally studied matching or protocol-based interference models because it has ability to capture the impact of interference in wireless networks. Here each node is equipped with an antenna array. In CSMA based scheduling, nodes will first sense the channel activity before attempting transmissions, whenever the channel is sensed to be idle, the nodes will continue with data transmissions. When the channel is detected to be busy, the nodes have to wait for a random amount of backoff time before reattempting the transmission.We will study that protocol model based throughput-optimal CSMA based scheduling, would not work well under the SINR model because its has dynamic and intrinsic link coupling. To tackle this challenge,CSMA-based MIMO-pipe scheduling is develpoed in both discrete-time system and continuous-time system

Study of vitamins in pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background: In recent years, progress in Tuberculosis (TB) control and eradication has been threatened by the emergence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Several studies describe micronutrient malnutrition in TB. This study focuses on the effect of drug resistance and disease progression on levels of various vitamins.Methods: The case control study comprised of 50 normal healthy human volunteers (Control), 50 newly diagnosed TB patients (CAT I) and 50 TB patients showing multi drug resistance (MDR). Recruited subjects were of both genders in age group of 18- 60 years and from different socioeconomic status. Blood serum samples analysed for levels of Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Vitamin B12 and Folic acid by using Spectrophotometer, ELISA and Chemiluminescence instruments. Statistical evaluation was done for correlation among variables.Results: The levels of vitamins in TB patients were significantly reduced when compared with controls. Also, MDR-TB patients showed severe malnourished state in comparison to those who were newly diagnosed for the disease.Conclusions: There is a need to provide vitamin supplements in proper sufficient dosage with anti-TB drugs during treatment, which will help fight against the disease and ensure rapid recovery of the patients

A Comprehensive Review on Plant derived Natural products for Diabetes and its complication as nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most severe microangiopathies of diabetes taking heavy toll on human lives. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by the accumulation of extracelluar matrix protein leading to irreversible decline in renal function and end stage renal disease. Incomplete knowledge about molecular mechanism underlying nephropathy limit the use of modern medicines to treat this clinical entity. Moreover, current standard of therapy for diabetic nephropathy mainly focus on reduction in hyperglycemia and hypertension. These therapies have limited effect on delaying nephropathy progression. A pressing need for novel therapies initiated studies targeting various molecular pathways involved in nephropathic changes. Herbal medicines with beneficial phytochemicals are reported to delay the progression of nephropathic changes in diabetes in various experimental studies. This review try to summarize various phytoconstituents proved to be effective in management of diabetic nephropathy. The goal is to identify promising phytoconstituents that can be translated into beneficial therapeutic options. Keywords: Diabetic complications, Medicinal plants, Phytoconstituents, Oxidative stress

Estimation of gingival crevicular fluid aspartate aminotransferase levels in periodontal health and disease

Background: Various enzymes have been assessed as biochemical markers and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is one such marker that has received considerable attention recently. Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has been pursued as a means of identifying the sites undergoing active disease. A problem central to periodontology today is the inability to detect actively deteriorating sites and highly susceptible patients other than by longitudinal observations of attachment. Hence, AST levels from samples of GCF can be taken as an indication for active periodontal tissue destruction. Aim: To estimate the levels of AST in the GCF in periodontal health and disease. Materials and Methods: This study was an in vivo, case control, and clinico-biochemical assay. Eighty samples were selected which were divided into four groups of 20 patients each based on Russell′s Periodontal Index. Statistical analysis: The values obtained for AST level in the different groups were subjected to Student′s " t" test. Results: The mean of AST level showed an increase from Group I to Group IV. These values ran parallel with the values of clinical index, i.e. more severe the inflammation, higher the index score and higher was the AST level. Conclusions: It was concluded that as the severity of inflammation increases, there is a significant increase in the AST levels suggesting that there is a direct relationship between the AST levels in the GCF and periodontal destruction

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When hosting XML information on relational backends, a mapping has to be established be-tween the schemas of the information source and the target storage repositories. A rich body of recent literature exists for mapping isolated components of the XML Schema to their rela-tional counterparts, especially with regard to table configurations. However, for a viable real-world implementation, a holistic mapping that incorporates all fundamental aspects of relational schemas, including table configurations, integrity constraints, indices, triggers and views, is re-quired. In this thesis, we address this lacuna and present the Elixir system for producing holistic relational schemas that are tuned to the XML application workload. A key design feature of Elixir is that it performs all its mapping-related optimizations in the XML source space, rather than in the relational target space. For example, Elixir significantly extends prior table configuration techniques, based on XML schema transformations, to seam-lessly preserve XML integrity constraints. On a variety of real and synthetic XML schemas operating under a representative set of XQuery queries, we find beneficial side effects of in-corporating these constraints in terms of more efficient table configurations and a substantia

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (EMIS) FOR SUSTAINABLE ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT A LITERATURE REVIEW

The study talks about significance of Environment Management Information System (EMIS) for sustainable Organizational Development. It also refers to the efforts made by few Multinational Organizations who had acknowledged the importance of some sort of Environment Management Systems

Internet: digital divide e disuguaglianze digitali

The HIV movement has relied on strategic litigation as an important tool to develop and enforce legal protections critical to health. This experience contains lessons on the potential of strategic litigation to advance public health more generally. Beyond impacting laws and policies, strategic litigation can change practice, breathing life into existing legal rules never implemented. While cases may target a particular law, policy, or practice, indirect impacts beyond a particular court decision on future cases, other branches of government, and the public record may be just as important. Each case is only one step towards change, and a judgment can be helpful in laying groundwork and in other contexts. Strategic litigation can also shape public discourse on issues relevant to health through development of the court’s record, integration of expert testimony, and the use of media advocacy. It provides a means to harness the law’s potential to construct reality and historical truth, creating an opening for the narratives of marginalized and affected communities. Strategic litigation and social movements can also have a reciprocal relationship, strengthening each other. Connection to a movement gives a case a political dimension, and social movements can assist in identifying issues, supporting clients, mobilizing communities, engaging media, and following up on the implementation of judgments. Strategic litigation, in turn, can galvanize social movements, creating events around which mobilization and media engagement can occur and facilitating coalition-building and the development of leadership