Evaluación de los registros de enfermería acerca de la reanimación cardiopulmonar basada en el modelo Utstein

Estudo transversal que avaliou a qualidade dos registros de enfermagem sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Foram revisados 42 prontuários de pacientes em uma unidade de terapia intensiva, utilizando o protocolo Utstein. Houve predomínio de homens (54,8%), idade de 21 a 70 anos (38,1%), correção de cardiopatias adquiridas (42,7%), com mais de um dispositivo pré-existente (147). Como causa imediata de parada cardiorrespiratória, predominou hipotensão (48,3%) e como ritmo inicial, bradicardia (37,5%). Apenas a hora do óbito e hora da parada foram registradas em 100% da amostra. Não foi registrado treinamento dos profissionais em Suporte Avançado de Vida. As causas da parada e ritmo inicial foram registrados em 69% e 76,2% da amostra. Compressões torácicas, obtenção de vias aéreas pérvias e \ud desfibrilação foram registradas em menos de 16%. Os registros foram considerados de baixa qualidade, podendo incorrer em sanções legais aos profissionais e não permitindo a comparação da efetividade das manobras com outros centros.Cross-sectional study that assessed the quality of nursing records on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Forty-two patients’ charts were reviewed in an intensive care unit, using the Utstein protocol. There was a predominance of men (54.8%), aged from 21-70 years old (38.1%), correction of acquired heart diseases (42.7%), with more than one pre-existing device (147). As immediate cause of cardiac arrest, hypotension predominated (48.3%) and as the initial rhythm, bradycardia (37.5%). Only the time of death and time of arrest were recorded in 100% of the sample. Professional \ud training in Advanced Life Support was not recorded. The causes of arrest and initial rhythm were recorded in 69% and 76.2% of the sample. Chest compressions, patent airway obtainment and defibrillation were recorded in less than 16%. Records were considered of low quality and may cause legal sanctions to professionals and do not allow the comparison of the effectiveness of the maneuvers with other centers.Este estudio transversal evaluó la calidad de registros de enfermería acerca de la reanimación cardiopulmonar. Fueron evaluados 42 registros de pacientes en unidad de cuidados intensivos utilizando el protocolo Utstein. Hubo predominio de hombres (54,8%), entre 21-70 años (38,1%), corrección de cardiopatías adquiridas (42,7%), con más de un dispositivo pre-existente (147). Como causa inmediata de parada cardiorrespiratoria, predominó hipotensión (48,3%) y como ritmo inicial, bradicardia (37,5%). Sólo el momento de la muerte y de la parada cardiorrespiratoria fueron \ud registradas en 100%. No fue registrada capacitación en Soporte Avanzado de Vida. Causas inmediatas de parada y ritmo inicial se registraron en 69 y 76,2% de la amuestra. Compresiones torácicas, obtención de vías respiratorias y desfibrilación se registraron en menos de 16%. Los registros se consideraron de baja calidad, pudiendo conducir a \ud sanciones legales a los profesionales y no permitiendo comparación de la efectividad de reanimación con otros centros

Expression profile of genes associated with mastitis in dairy cattle

In order to characterize the expression of genes associated with immune response mechanisms to mastitis, we quantified the relative expression of the IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF- α genes in milk cells of healthy cows and cows with clinical mastitis. Total RNA was extracted from milk cells of six Black and White Holstein (BW) cows and six Gyr cows, including three animals with and three without mastitis per breed. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. IL-10 gene expression was higher in the group of BW and Gyr cows with mastitis compared to animals free of infection from both breeds (p < 0.05). It was also higher in BW Holstein animals with clinical mastitis (p < 0.001), but it was not significant when Gyr cows with and without mastitis were compared (0.05 < p < 0.10). Among healthy cows, BW Holstein animals tended to present a higher expression of all genes studied, with a significant difference for the IL-2 and IFN- γ genes (p < 0.001). For animals with mastitis no significant difference in gene expression was observed between the two breeds. These findings suggest that animals with mastitis develop a preferentially cell-mediated immune response. Further studies including larger samples are necessary to better characterize the gene expression profile in cows with mastitis

Expressão gênica em porcas de alta de baixa taxa de ovulação, alto e baixo peso médio de leitegada ao nascimento e efeito do estado catabólico na expressão gênica de embriões

In pig production, both litter size and embryonic viability are important economic traits. Nutritional pressures on the lactating sow have impaired the quality of the subsequent litters. This study was divided in three experiments that aimed to: 1) investigate the follicular dynamics and gene expression pattern in corpus luteum (CL), granulosa cells (GC) and denuded oocytes during the estrous cycle in pig breeds with high (commercial-line: n=24) and low (local Brazilian Piau: n=21) ovulation rates and prolificacy; 2) investigate the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, apoptosis and encoding intrafollicular growth factors in CL, GC and denuded oocytes recovered from commercial sows characterized as high (n=5) and low (n=5) birth weight litter phenotype at Day 5 of gestation; 3) use a refined feed restriction model to investigate global changes in expression in Day 9.5 embryos recovered from commercial sows breed at the first heat (FH, n=3) or at second post-weaning estrus (skip). Skip sows were further divided in subgroups according their previous catabolic state in lactation: highly (CH, n=4), moderately (CL, n=4) and non-catabolic (NC, n=4). In the first experiment, the low ovulating Piau gilts were associated with a different pattern of follicle development, with lower numbers of small follicles at day 18, fewer large follicles at days 0 and 18 (P&#8804;0.05) and a higher proportion of atretic follicles at days 0 and 18 (P&#8804;0.05). Compared to commercial-line gilts, less prolific Piau gilts showed higher expression of apoptotic genes during luteolysis (CASP3 and FASL, P&#8804;0.05), decreased expression of TGFBR2 and BAX mRNA in CL (P&#8804;0.05), higher expression of apoptotic genes (FAS, BCL2 and CASP8, P&#8804;0.05) in GC, and a greater abundance (P&#8804;0.05) of genes controlling oocyte secreted factors (GDF9, BMP15 and BMP6), suggesting underlying mechanisms controlling differences in follicular development, ovulation rate and inherent prolificacy in this pig breed. In the second experiment, quantitative real time PCR (QPCR) analysis revealed that apoptotic genes were differentially expressed between commercial high and low groups in CL and GC. Most of the viiangiogenesis-related genes investigated were higher expressed in CL tissue in the low group. Among intrafollicular growth factors, only IGFR1 and BMPR2 were differently expressed in GC and denuded oocytes, respectively. Findings from the present study suggest that differences in CL vascularity and function, as well as in follicle development, may be in part, driving differences between-litter variation in birth weight in contemporary sows. Finally, microarray data from the third experiment revealed different pattern of distribution of biological functions across treatments for the commercial sows. Validation by QPCR showed a differential expression for CYR61 and MYOF, specifically for the female sex, in the pair-wise contrast FHvsNC and CLvsNC, respectively (P&#8804;0.05). Additional contrasts in female sex were marginally significant (P&#8804;0.10) for MYOF, BCSL1, CYR61, RAD21 and SOD1, but no difference was found for ETFA, ACDSB, TFPI2 and TNFRSF21. Furthermore, skip sows showed higher total corpus luteum weight, total corpus luteum average and litter growth average compared to first heat sows. These results suggest that the differential expression observed in female embryos may be an adaptive response to the intrauterine conditions, which may mediate epigenetic programming in the offspring. This study reinforces and provides additional insights into the role of nutrition and maternal metabolic state in determining the dynamics of early embryonic development and embryo quality in pigs.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoNa produção de suínos, tanto o tamanho da leitegada quanto a viabilidade embrionária são características de importância econômica. As pressões nutricionais sobre a porca em lactação tem prejudicado a qualidade das leitegadas subsequentes. Este estudo foi dividido em três experimentos objetivando-se: 1) investigar a dinâmica folicular e padrão de expressão gênica no corpo lúteo (CL), células da granulosa (CG) e oócitos desnudados durante o ciclo estral em porcas com alta (linhagem comercial: n=24) e baixas (local Piau brasileira: n=21) taxas de ovulação e prolificidade, 2) investigar a expressão de genes envolvidos na apoptose, angiogênese e genes codificantes de fatores de crescimento intrafoliculares no CL, na CG e em oócitos desnudados recuperados de porcas comerciais de alto e de baixo peso médio de leitegada ao nascimento (n=5 por grupo) no dia 5 de gestação; 3) utilizar o modelo de restrição alimentar para investigar a expressão gênica em embriões coletados no Dia 9,5 de gestação de porcas comerciais acasaladas no primeiro (FH, n=3) e no segundo estro após o desmame (Skip, n=12). As porcas skip foram divididas em subgrupos de acordo com seu estado catabólico em: altamente (CH), moderadamente (CL) e não-catabólicas (NC). No primeiro experimento, a raça Piau apresentou distinto padrão de desenvolvimento folicular, com menor número de pequenos folículos no dia 18, poucos folículos grandes nos dias 0 e 18 (P&#8804;0,05) e maior proporção de folículos atrésicos nos dias 0 e 18 (P&#8804;0,05). Comparadas com as de linhagem comercial, porcas da raça Piau apresentaram maior expressão de genes apoptóticos durante luteólise (CASP3 e FASL, P &#8804; 0,05), menor expressão dos transcritos TGFbR2 e BAX no CL (P&#8804;0,05), maior expressão de genes apoptóticos (FAS, BCL2 e CASP8, P&#8804;0,05) na CG, e maior abundância de fatores de crescimento secretados por oócitos (GDF9, BMP15 e BMP6, P&#8804;0,05), sugerindo que mecanismos intrínsecos à raça Piau controlam diferenças quanto ao desenvolvimento folicular, taxa de ovulação e prolificidade. No segundo experimento, a análise quantitativa de PCR em tempo real (QPCR) revelou que os genes apoptóticos foram ixdiferencialmente expressos no CL e na CG entre as porcas comercias de alto e de baixo peso médio de leitegada ao nascimento. A maioria dos genes relacionados com angiogênese apresentou maior expressão no CL em porcas de baixo peso médio de leitegada ao nascimento. Dentre os fatores de crescimento intrafoliculares, apenas IGFR1 e BMPR2 apresentaram expressão diferencial nas CG e nos oócitos desnudados, respectivamente. Resultados do presente estudo sugerem que as diferenças na vascularização e na função do CL, bem como no desenvolvimento folicular, podem ser em parte, atribuídas a variação no peso de leitegada ao nascimento observada em porcas comerciais. Finalmente, os dados de microarranjo obtidos no terceiro experimento revelaram distinto padrão de distribuição das funções biológicas entre os tratamentos. Validação dos resultados por meio do QPCR demonstrou diferença de expressão para os genes CYR61 e MYOF, especificamente para o sexo feminino, nos contrastes FHvsNC e CLvsNC, respectivamente (P&#8804;0,05). Contrastes adicionais para o sexo feminino foram marginalmente significativos (P&#8804;0,10) para os genes MYOF, BCSL1, CYR61, RAD21 e SOD1, mas nenhuma diferença foi observada para os genes ETFA, ACDSB, TFPI2 e TNFRSF21. Além disso, porcas acasaladas no segundo estro após o desmame apresentaram maior peso de corpo lúteo total, maior peso médio de corpo lúteo e maior taxa de crescimento de leitegada, comparadas com as porcas acasaladas no primeiro estro após o desmame. Estes resultados sugerem que a expressão gênica diferencial verificada no sexo feminino pode ser uma resposta adaptativa frente às condições intrauterinas, que podem desencadear programação epigenética nos descendentes. Este estudo reforça e auxilia o entendimento do papel da nutrição e do estado metabólico materno na dinâmica do desenvolvimento e na qualidade embrionária em suínos

Gene expression on follicles and ovarian tissue during estrous cycle from swine

Durante o ciclo estral, uma rede de eventos hormonais e de fatores de crescimento celular atua de maneira autócrina e parácrina para regular o desenvolvimento folicular. Esses eventos são caracterizados por grande dinamismo na expressão gênica e no acúmulo de transcritos gerados. No presente estudo, avaliou-se a expressão dos genes IGF-I, EGF, IGFBP (1, 2, 3 e 5) e dos genes da cascata de apoptose celular (caspase 3 e p53) em células foliculares e no tecido ovariano de fêmeas suínas nos dias 0, 6, 12 e 18 do ciclo estral por meio da técnica de PCR quantitativo em tempo real (qPCR). O RNA total das células foliculares e do tecido ovariano foi extraído para cada animal e utilizado como molde para a síntese da primeira fita de cDNA. O gene GAPDH foi utilizado como controle endógeno. Os resultados da expressão gênica foram analisados por regressão linear, considerando os dados de expressão gênica variável dependente e os dias do ciclo estral variáveis independentes (0, 6, 12 e 18 dias). Todos os genes analisados apresentaram expressão, sendo que o gene IGFBP2 apresentou perfil de expressão linear aumentando durante o ciclo estral (P<0,02), e o gene IGFBP3 apresentou perfil de expressão quadrático (P<0,01). Para os demais genes estudados, não foi verificado efeito da expressão gênica em função dos dias do ciclo estral. A técnica de qPCR mostrou-se eficiente na detecção de transcritos de baixa abundância e no maior entendimento da dinâmica folicular ovariana. Estudos devem ser ampliados para outros genes relacionados e de outras vias metabólicas para melhor entendimento dos estádios fisiológicos envolvidos na foliculogênese em suínos.During a regular estrous cycle, a network of hormonal events, which consist of hormones and growth factors, interact to regulate ovarian follicular growth through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. These events are marked by a high dynamism of gene expression and level of transcripts in the ovary tissue. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize the expression of genes IGF-I, IGFBP (1, 2, 3 e 5), EGF and genes related to follicular atresia (caspase 3 and p53) in follicle cells and ovary tissue in sows during 0, 6, 12 e 18 days of estrous cycle through real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique. The total RNA was extracted from follicle cells and ovary tissue for each animal, and used to synthesize the first strand cDNA. The GAPDH gene was used as endogenous control. The results of gene expression were analyzed using linear regression with gene expression as dependent variable and days of estrous cycle as independent variables. The expression of each gene was detected on follicle cells and ovary tissue, IGFBP2 gene increased sequentially during the estrous cycle (P<0,02) and IGFBP3 gene shows a quadratic expression pattern (P<0,02). For others genes the level of expression did not change during estrous cycle. The qPCR showed to be efficient for detection of low levels of transcripts and leads to a better understanding of follicle development dynamics. Studies should be done to examine the expression of other related genes as well genes of other metabolic pathways in order to broaden our understanding about the follicular stages of folliculogenesis in the pig.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Association between insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) microsatellite polymorphisms and important economic traits in pigs

This study investigated the association between IGF-I microsatellite marker in an F2 population (N=459) generated by mating of native boars to Brazilian commercial sows with performance, carcass cut, and meat quality traits. Association analyses were carried out using a statistical model that included genotype, sex, and group as fixed effects and sire as random effect. The IGF-I genotypes were significantly associated with different quantitative traits and these results corroborate with previous QTL analyses obtained for this chromosome region in swine. Additive and dominance effects, as well as a genotype-sex interaction, were estimated and discussed in the text. According to the results obtained, this marker is suitable for QTL search in the genotyped population

AVALIAÇÃO DOS REGISTROS DE ENFERMAGEM SOBRE RESSUSCITAÇÃO CARDIOPULMONAR BASEADA NO MODELO UTSTEIN

Este estudio transversal evaluó la calidad de registros de enfermería acerca de la reanimación cardiopulmonar. Fueron evaluados 42 registros de pacientes en unidad de cuidados intensivos utilizando el protocolo Utstein. Hubo predominio de hombres (54,8%), entre 21-70 años (38,1%), corrección de cardiopatías adquiridas (42,7%), con más de un dispositivo pre-existente (147). Como causa inmediata de parada cardiorrespiratoria, predominó hipotensión (48,3%) y como ritmo inicial, bradicardia (37,5%). Sólo el momento de la muerte y de la parada cardiorrespiratoria fueron registradas en 100%. No fue registrada capacitación en Soporte Avanzado de Vida. Causas inmediatas de parada y ritmo inicial se registraron en 69 y 76,2% de la amuestra. Compresiones torácicas, obtención de vías respiratorias y desfibrilación se registraron en menos de 16%. Los registros se consideraron de baja calidad, pudiendo conducir a sanciones legales a los profesionales y no permitiendo comparación de la efectividad de reanimación con otros centros

Differential expression of genes in follicular cells of swines

The main purpose of the present study was to identify for candidate genes related to ovulation in swines. To do so, it was investigated in ovarian follicular cells through quantitative real-time PCR the differential expression of the following genes: steroidogenic acute regulator (STAR), GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA), prostaglandin F2&#945; (PGF2&#945;), progesterone receptor (P4R), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19). These genes encode hormone receptors (FSHR and P4R), hormone (PGF2&#945;), steroidogenic proteins (STAR and CYP19) and transcription factor (GATA). Folicular cells were collected from sows with high and low number of piglets/litters during the follicular phase of the estrus cycle. There was difference in transcript abundance among low and high prolific sows for the STAR, GATA, PGF2&#945;, P4R and CYP19 genes. For the FSHR gene, the fold change was not considered to be significantly different. Because in the present study only the transcript level of the above mentioned genes was analyzed, no inference can be made regarded to protein translation or activity. Therefore, gene sequence trials and other functional studies will be necessary to complement the present results, allowing a better understanding on biological complexity of these genes and their use as markers for prolificity in swines

Assessment of nursing records on cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on the utstein model

Cross-sectional study that assessed the quality of nursing records on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Forty-two patients’ charts were reviewed in an intensive care unit, using the Utstein protocol. There was a predominance of men (54.8%), aged from 21-70 years old (38.1%), correction of acquired heart diseases (42.7%), with more than one pre-existing device (147). As immediate cause of cardiac arrest, hypotension predominated (48.3%) and as the initial rhythm, bradycardia (37.5%). Only the time of death and time of arrest were recorded in 100% of the sample. Professional training in Advanced Life Support was not recorded. The causes of arrest and initial rhythm were recorded in 69% and 76.2% of the sample. Chest compressions, patent airway obtainment and defibrillation were recorded in less than 16%. Records were considered of low quality and may cause legal sanctions to professionals and do not allow the comparison of the effectiveness of the maneuvers with other centers