PAA em Assentamentos Rurais: Novos Modos de Vida?

Based on the concept of development as liberty, development is a process that involves, fundamentally, people's agent condition, allowing them to be "beneficiary and judges of the progress, but also, direct or indirectly, all the production primary means. Analyzing this issue, the author points out the risks coming from this double role – of agents and means of development performed by people – in situations of planning and formulation of policies aimed only at the progress in production and economical prosperity. We also consider the importance and place of these two objectives which should be intermediary and subordinated to the favoring of human life. In this sense, this research aims to reflect, based on the capability approach, on the dynamics propelled by the Food Acquisition Program – FAP (PAA) in agrarian reform settlers who have been benefited by the FAP and that also have assumed that double role- is FAP (PAA) a policy that promotes social change in terms of enrichment of human life? Certainly, we will not cover all questions, and this is not our pretension, but we aim to highlight aspects of FAP which may bring smaller and/or larger capacities to this social group and freedom to choose its way of life.Keywords: Rural Settlements, FAP (PAA), Development, Capacities.No arcabouço conceitual do desenvolvimento como liberdade,o desenvolvimento é um processo que envolve fundamentalmente a condição de agente das pessoas, podendo estas serem "beneficiárias e juízes do progresso, mas também, direta ou indiretamente, os meios primários de toda a produção".Aoanalisar tal questão o autor evidencia os riscos advindos deste duplo papel – deagentes e meios do desenvolvimento exercido pelas pessoas – quando doplanejamento e formulação de políticas que passam a objetivar tão somente oprogresso na produção e a prosperidade econômica. Aqui não se desconsideraa importância e lugar destes dois objetivos que devem ser intermediários e subordinados ao favorecimento da vida humana.Nesse sentido, o presentetrabalho busca refletirà luz da abordagem das capacidades sobre as dinâmicasimpulsionadas pelo Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) junto aosassentados da reforma agrária por ele beneficiados e que também assumemaquele duplo papel – é o PAA uma política que promove mudança social emtermos de enriquecimento da vida humana? Certamente não esgotaremos taisquestões, nem é nossa pretensão, mas buscaremos ressaltar aspectos do PAAque podem implicar menores e/ou maiores capacidades a tal grupo social eliberdades de escolhas sobre como viver

O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos no PDS Sepé Tiarajú: Bloqueios e Perspectivas

This paper explores the premise that the social aspects of the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) – that is a dynamic tool for analyzing individual and collective capabilities, in accordance with the approach of Amartya Sen, when evaluating the development – contribute to encouraging men and women in the Sepe Tiaraju Settlement to adopt new measures and practices. Thus, the processes (including perspectives and barriers) experienced by these individuals during the period of implementation of the settlement are described - these processes were used to better understand, in a historical perspective, the analyzed experience – as well as the implementation of the PAA: social and political reorganization; productive systems and income generation; and, the participation of women (key actors in the development process) in this context. For this research, an exploratory case study was conducted to analyze gathered data and experiences, and it was found that the adaptation of new social, political, productive, and economic arrangements have contributed to the development of the community – although some barriers still remain – which allowed for the expansion of individual and collective autonomy of men and women settlers and their social organizations, creating new linkages (synergistic) within and between communities with external actors. Keywords: Public policy; Cooperatives; Simultaneous donation.Este artigo parte do pressuposto de que os novos arranjos vivenciados pelos homens e mulheres assentados são estimulados pela gestão social do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) – instrumento dinamizador das capacidades individuais e coletivas, de acordo com a abordagem das capacidades de Amartya Sen, ao analisar o desenvolvimento. São descritos os processos (perspectivas e bloqueios) vivenciados por tais sujeitos quando da implantação do Assentamento, bem como a implementação do PAA: reorganização social e política; sistemas produtivos e geração de renda; e a participação das mulheres (importantes agentes do desenvolvimento) neste contexto. A partir da vivência e análise das informações levantadas através do estudo de caso realizado, foi possível constatar que o PAA contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da comunidade, possibilitado pela ampliação das liberdades individuais e coletivas dos homens e mulheres assentados e suas organizações sociais

Naturally occurring Diels-Alder-type adducts from Morus nigra as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) protein tyrosine phosphatases A and B (PtpA and PtpB) have been recognized as potential molecular targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis (TB). In this context, we have recently reported that the naturally occurring Diels-Alder-type adduct Kuwanol E is an inhibitor of PtpB (Ki= 1.6 ± 0.1 μM). Here, we describe additional Diels-Alder-type adducts isolated from Morus nigra roots bark that inhibit PtpB at sub-micromolar concentrations. The two most potent compounds, namely Kuwanon G and Kuwanon H, showed Kivalues of 0.39 ± 0.27 and 0.20 ± 0.01 μM, respectively, and interacted with the active site of the enzyme as suggested by kinetics and mass spectrometry studies. Molecular docking coupled with intrinsic fluorescence analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) further characterized the interaction of these promising PtpB inhibitors. Notably, in an Mtb survival assay inside macrophages, Kuwanon G showed inhibition of Mtb growth by 61.3%. All these results point to the common Diels-Alder-type adduct scaffold, and highlight its relevance for the development of PtpB inhibitors as candidate therapeutics for TB

Exploring oxidovanadium(IV) complexes as YopH inhibitors: mechanism of action and modeling studies

YopH tyrosine phosphatase, a virulence factor produced by pathogenic species of Yersinia, is an attractive drug target. In this work, three oxidovanadium(IV) complexes were assayed against recombinant YopH and showed strong inhibition of the enzyme in the nanomolar range. Molecular modeling indicated that their binding is reinforced by H-bond, cation−π, and π–π interactions conferring specificity toward YopH. These complexes are thus interesting lead molecules for phosphatase inhibitor drug discovery

Identification of Novel Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of Zika Virus NS5 Protein Targeting MTase Activity

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a positive-sense single-stranded virus member of the Flaviviridae family. Among other arboviruses, ZIKV can cause neurological disorders such as Guillain Barré syndrome, and it can have congenital neurological manifestations and affect fertility. ZIKV nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) is essential for viral replication and limiting host immune detection. Herein, we performed virtual screening to identify novel small-molecule inhibitors of the ZIKV NS5 methyltransferase (MTase) domain. Compounds were tested against the MTases of both ZIKV and DENV, demonstrating good inhibitory activities against ZIKV MTase. Extensive molecular dynamic studies conducted on the series led us to identify other derivatives with improved activity against the MTase and limiting ZIKV infection with an increased selectivity index. Preliminary pharmacokinetic parameters have been determined, revealing excellent stability over time. Preliminary in vivo toxicity studies demonstrated that the hit compound 17 is well tolerated after acute administration. Our results provide the basis for further optimization studies on novel non-nucleoside MTase inhibitors

Paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome incidence and epidemiology (PARDIE):an international, observational study

Background: Paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is associated with high mortality in children, but until recently no paediatric-specific diagnostic criteria existed. The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) definition was developed to overcome limitations of the Berlin definition, which was designed and validated for adults. We aimed to determine the incidence and outcomes of children who meet the PALICC definition of PARDS. Methods: In this international, prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, 145 paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) from 27 countries were recruited, and over a continuous 5 day period across 10 weeks all patients were screened for enrolment. Patients were included if they had a new diagnosis of PARDS that met PALICC criteria during the study week. Exclusion criteria included meeting PARDS criteria more than 24 h before screening, cyanotic heart disease, active perinatal lung disease, and preparation or recovery from a cardiac intervention. Data were collected on the PICU characteristics, patient demographics, and elements of PARDS (ie, PARDS risk factors, hypoxaemia severity metrics, type of ventilation), comorbidities, chest imaging, arterial blood gas measurements, and pulse oximetry. The primary outcome was PICU mortality. Secondary outcomes included 90 day mortality, duration of invasive mechanical and non-invasive ventilation, and cause of death. Findings: Between May 9, 2016, and June 16, 2017, during the 10 study weeks, 23 280 patients were admitted to participating PICUs, of whom 744 (3·2%) were identified as having PARDS. 95% (708 of 744) of patients had complete data for analysis, with 17% (121 of 708; 95% CI 14–20) mortality, whereas only 32% (230 of 708) of patients met Berlin criteria with 27% (61 of 230) mortality. Based on hypoxaemia severity at PARDS diagnosis, mortality was similar among those who were non-invasively ventilated and with mild or moderate PARDS (10–15%), but higher for those with severe PARDS (33% [54 of 165; 95% CI 26–41]). 50% (80 of 160) of non-invasively ventilated patients with PARDS were subsequently intubated, with 25% (20 of 80; 95% CI 16–36) mortality. By use of PALICC PARDS definition, severity of PARDS at 6 h after initial diagnosis (area under the curve [AUC] 0·69, 95% CI 0·62–0·76) discriminates PICU mortality better than severity at PARDS diagnosis (AUC 0·64, 0·58–0·71), and outperforms Berlin severity groups at 6 h (0·64, 0·58–0·70; p=0·01). Interpretation: The PALICC definition identified more children as having PARDS than the Berlin definition, and PALICC PARDS severity groupings improved the stratification of mortality risk, particularly when applied 6 h after PARDS diagnosis. The PALICC PARDS framework should be considered for use in future epidemiological and therapeutic research among children with PARDS. Funding: University of Southern California Clinical Translational Science Institute, Sainte Justine Children's Hospital, University of Montreal, Canada, Réseau en Santé Respiratoire du Fonds de Recherche Quebec-Santé and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine