A reward strategy for hunters to pursue the control programs of red fox (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus, 1758)

Adriani, S., Bonanni, M., Primi, R., Amici, A

Concentrations of some toxic and trace elements in wild boar (Sus scrofa) organs and tissues in different areas of the Province of Viterbo, Central Italy

The aim of the present study was to determine heavy metal reference levels for exposure and risk assessment studies on a local scale. We measured lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) content in edible tissues and organs of wild boars harvested in dif- ferent areas of the Province of Viterbo, Central Italy. The average levels of cadmium recorded in 75 wild boars were 0.085, 0.079 and 1.052 mg Cd kg–1 wet weight (w.w.) in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. The majority of the muscle samples and some of the liver samples contained levels of heavy metal that were over the legal limit [EU Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs)] for pigs. Our data are similar to or lower than the val- ues reported in most of the available literature. For Pb concentration, the average values record- ed were 0.318, 0.126 and 0.298 mg kg–1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. The sam- ples that were non-compliant with regulatory limits (MRLs) for pigs were registered only for muscle. Available data on the presence of Pb con- tent in game meat report lower values than ours, most likely because the area around the bullet path was avoided while sampling. The average values of total Cr were 0.141, 0.139 and 0.097 mg kg–1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respec- tively. For Zn, the mean values were 49.76, 53.21 and 32.46 mg kg–1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. Cu content was 46.12, 12.20 and 5.64 mg Cu kg–1 w.w. in the liver, muscle and kidney, respectively. The results obtained have been validated on the basis of the scarce and inconsistent Italian literature available and on international studies

In vitro fermentation patterns and methane production of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) hay with different condensed tannin contents.

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a perennial legume recently reappraised for some positive charac- teristics leading to highly satisfactory animal perfor- mance. Sainfoin’s characteristics may be partly explained by the presence of moderate levels of condensed tannins (CTs) able to protect dietary protein from microbial degradation in the rumen. Decreased CH4 emissions have been reported for ruminants consuming CT-containing forage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CT content on the in vitro fermentation characteristics and kinetics and methane production of four samples of O. viciifolia cut at different phenological stages. Sainfoin hays and one sample of alfalfa hay were incubated at 39C in anaerobiosis using the in vitro gas production technique. The chemical composition, tannin content and fermentation charac- teristics and kinetics of sainfoin samples were signifi- cantly affected by phenological stage. After 48 h, the CH4 production in sainfoin hays showed a tendency to increase with the advancement of phenological stage [from 38Æ6 to 49 Æ8 mL g )1 of degraded organic matter (OM)]. The best period to cut sainfoin for hay making is between early and late flowering, when the forage combines high OM digestibility, low CH4 production and more efficient microbial fermentation

Abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after chemotherapy. A retrospective “Real Life” analysis of activity and safety

Abiraterone acetate (AA) is a potent, selective androge (CYP17) biosynthesis inhibitor, which showed to improve overall survival (HR = 0.646) in mCRPC patients progressing after docetaxel. In this retrospective analysis we assessed the safety and efficacy of AA in patients affected with mCRPC progressing after chemotherapy, treated in the normal clinical practice, in several Italian Oncologic Units, after the approval of the drug from the Italian Drug Agency (AIFA)

Cognitive differentiation during childhood: A study on cognitive profiles of 5, 7, and 9-year-old children

No seio do debate sobre se a inteligência é mais bem definida por um fator geral ou por aptidões específicas, ganha relevância a hipótese da diferenciação cognitiva. Análises recentes enfatizam o interesse dessa questão para a investigação e alertam para a relevância das suas implicações na área educativa. Este estudo analisou a possibilidade de a diferenciação das aptidões cognitivas ocorrer já na infância e também o efeito moderador do Quociente de Inteligência na magnitude da relação entre as habilidades cognitivas. Aplicou-se uma bateria de provas que avaliam várias funções cognitivas a uma amostra de 231 crianças com 5, 7 e 9 anos, distribuídas por três grupos de desempenho cognitivo. Os resultados de uma análise de clusters hierárquica e de uma análise de variância apontam para a não diferenciação das funções cognitivas na infância. Contudo, uma análise mais cuidadosa aponta para alguma diferenciação suportada pela heterogeneidade dos perfis cognitivos junto dos alunos com Quociente de Inteligência elevado.Within the debate about whether intelligence is best defined by a general factor or specific skills, the hypothesis of cognitive differentiation gains relevance. Recent analyses have emphasized the importance of this issue in the investigation of cognitive skills and have highlighted its implications in education. This study examined the possibility that the differentiation of cognitive abilities may occur during childhood and investigated the moderating effect of Intelligence Quotient on the magnitude of the relationship between cognitive abilities. A battery of tests for assessing cognitive function was administered to 231 children aged 5, 7, and 9 years old, who were divided into three cognitive performance groups. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis and variance analysis indicate the lack of differentiation of cognitive functions during childhood. However, a more careful analysis suggests some differentiation supported by the heterogeneity of cognitive profiles among students with high Intelligence Quotient.FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(SFRH/BD/84153/2012

Abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after chemotherapy. A retrospective analysis of progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the “Real Life”

Background: Abiraterone acetate (AA) is a potent, selective androgen (CYP17) biosynthesis inhibitor, which showed to improve overall survival (HR = 0.646) in mCRPC patients progressing after docetaxel. In this retrospective analysis we assessed the PFS and OS safety in patients affected with mCRPC progressing after chemotherapy, treated in the normal clinical practice, in several Italian Oncologic Units