Hohe trainingsbelastung bei ruderern: Auswirkungen auf Kreislaufwerte und Gemütszustandparameter

The effects of short-term overreaching on the circulatory responses and mood state parameters were investigated in male rowers. Fourteen national team level rowers (18.6 ± 2.0 yrs; 186.9 ± 5.7 cm; 82.4 ± 6.9 kg) were monitored during a six-day training camp. The training regimen consisted mainly of low-intensity on-water rowing and resistance training, for 19.2 ± 3.9 h, corresponding to an approximate 100% increase in the training load. The 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance time increased from 395.9 ± 10.8 to 404.2 ± 11.9 s corresponding to a mean power of 361.9 ± 28.5 and 349.0 ± 32.8 W, respectively. Blood lactate concentration measured five minutes after the test (from 19.2 ± 2.9 to 16.2 ± 2.3 mmol.l-1) and mean heart rate (from 184.6 ± 7.5 to 179.2 ± 7.4 beats/min-1) decreased. Maximal oxygen consumption remained unchanged. The subjective ratings of fatigue and muscle soreness increased and were related to the training volume (r>0.52). The blood parameters of the red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were decreased, while blood and plasma volumes were increased after the training period. The blood variables were not correlated with the training volume (r0.05). The change between tests in the corresponding heart rate demonstrated correlation to the changes in blood (r=-0.48) and plasma (r=-0.55) volumes. It is concluded that the most appropriate and simple tool for monitoring a short-term overload training period is the self-reported ratings of well-being on a daily basis.Uvod Sindrom pretreniranosti definira se kao dugoročno sniženje kapaciteta za sportske rezultate uzrokovano nakupljanjem trenažnog i izvantrenažnog stresa. Pretreniranost se javlja kao odgovor na velike volumene trenažnih opterećenja i/ili visoke intenzitete treninga uz neadekvatne periode oporavka između pojedinačnih treninga. Brojni pokazatelji pretreniranosti i preopterećenosti (overreaching) izdvojeni su na temelju različitih fizioloških i psiholoških parametara. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je istražiti učinke kratkotrajne preopterećenosti na cirkulacijske odgovore i parametre raspoloženja kod veslača. Metoda Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 14 veslača, natjecatelja na nacionalnoj kvalitetnoj razini (18.6±2.0 godina, 186±5.7 cm, 82.4±6.9 kg) koji su praćeni za vrijeme šestodnevnih priprema. Volumen treninga tijekom šest dana narastao je do 19.2±3.9 sati, što odgovara povećanju trenažnog volumena za otprilike 100% u usporedbi s njihovim prosječnim tjednim trenažnim opterećenjem u prethodna četiri tjedna. Ukupno, provedeno je 12 pojedinačnih treninga u eksperimentalnom periodu s preopterećenjem, za razliku od 6 takvih pojedinačnih treninga u četiri tjedna koja su prethodila pripremama. Osamdeset i pet posto ukupnog trenažnog volumena otpadalo je na trening izdržljivosti nižeg intenziteta (veslanje ili trčanje), 5% na anaerobni trening visokog intenziteta (veslanje) i 10% na treninge s otporom. Maksimalni test veslanja 2000 m na veslačkom ergometru proveden je prije (test 1) i nakon (test 2) šestodnevnog perioda treninga. Ispitanicima je bilo dozvoljeno da lagano treniraju ili da ne treniraju uopće to popodne kada se provodilo finalno testiranje. Uzorci krvi prikupljali su se na svakom jutarnjem treningu. Ranojutarnja tjelesna težina i frekvencija srca pratili su se svakog dana. Osim toga, od veslača se tražilo da svaki dan sami procijene kvalitetu spavanja, umor, stres i bol u mišićima na skali od 1 do 7 (1 - vrlo, vrlo malo, 7 - vrlo, vrlo jako). Rezultati Wilcoxonov test ekvivalentnih parova korišten je za usporedbu rezultata prvog i drugog testiranja. Izračunat je Spearmanov koeficijent korelacije. Za sve testove utvrđena je razina značajnosti od 0.05. Vrijeme veslanja na ergometru na 2000 m poraslo je sa 395.9±10.8s na 404.2±11.9 sekundi zajedno s opadanjem snage sa 361.9±28.5W na 349.0±32.8 W. Koncentracija laktata u krvi, mjerena pet minuta nakon provedenog testa, smanjila se (sa 19.2±2.9 na 16.2±2.3mmol•l-1), kao i frekvencija srca (sa 184.6±7.5 na 179.2±7.4 otk•min-1). Maksimalni primitak kisika ostao je nepromijenjen. Subjektivna ocjena umora i boli u mišićima povećala se, a i pokazalo se da je povezana s razinom trenažnog volumena (r>.52). Parametri iz krvi, kao što su broj crvenih krvnih stanica, koncentracija hemoglobina i hematokrita, smanjili su svoje vrijednosti, dok su volumen krvne plazme i volumen krvi bili povećani nakon trenažnog perioda. Varijable krvnih parametara nisu pokazale povezanost s trenažnim volumenom (r0.05). Promjene u testovima prosječnih vrijednosti frekvencije srca pokazale su povezanost s promjenama u volumenima krvi (r = -0.48) i plazme (r = -0.55). Rasprava i zaključak Smanjenje maksimalnih rezultata kod veslača interpretiralo se kao odraz premorenosti, možda i preopterećenosti. Prema rezultatima ovog istraživanja mogli bismo reći da je najprikladnija metoda za praćenje kratkotrajnog trenažnog perioda preopterećenosti samoanaliza raspoloženja uz korištenje dnevničkih bilježaka o treninzima. Sveobuhvatno fiziološko testiranje manje je osjetljivo na dramatično povećanje trenažnog volumena kod veslača. Za sada se čini da je samoanaliza sportaša, koji je podvrgnut visokim trenažnim opterećenjima, najučinkovitija metoda za praćenje moguće kratkotrajne preopterećenosti. Dugoročno vođene dnevničke samoanalitičke bilješke mogu se jednostavno čuvati i uspoređivati sa sostificiranijim fiziološkim metodama za procjenu pretreniranosti kada je to potrebno.Die Auswirkungen einer kurzfristigen Überbelastung bei Ruderern auf die Blutkreislaufwerte und Gemütszustandparameter wurden geforscht. Vierzehn leistungsstärkste estonische Ruderer (18,6 ± 2,0 Jahre alt; 186,9 ± 5,7 cm; 82,4 ± 6,9 kg) wurden während eines sechstägigen Trainingslagers beobachtet. Das Trainingsprogramm bestand überwiegend aus dem Rudern niedriger Intensität auf Gewässern und Krafttraining, durchschnittlich 19,2 ± 3,9 Stunden der Dauer, was einer fast 100% Erhöhung der Trainingsbelastung entspricht. Die Dauer des 2000m Ruderns steigte von 395,9 ± 10,8 bis auf 404,2 ± 11,9 Sekunden, was einer durchschnittlichen Kraftaufwand von 361,9 ± 28,5 und 349,0 ± 32,8 W entspricht. Die Konzentration von Blutlaktaten (von 19,2 ± 2,9 bis 16,2 ± 2,3 mmol.l-1) wurde fünf Minuten nach dem Test gemessen und die durchschnittliche Herzfrequenz nahm ab (von 184,6 ± 7,5 bis 179,2 ± 7,4 Herzschläge.min-1). Der maximale Sauerstoffverbrauch blieb unverändert. Die subjektive Einschätzungswerte von Erschöpfung und Muskelschmerz nahmen zu, was mit dem Trainingsumfang zusammenhängt (r>0,52). Die Blutparameter, wie z. B. die Anzahl von roten Blutzellen, die Hämoglobinkonzentration und Hämatokrit nahmen ab, während das Blut- und Plasmavolumen nach der Trainingsperiode zunahm. Die Blutvariablen korrelierten nicht mit dem Trainingsumfang (r0,05). Der Unterschied zwischen den Tests der durchschnittlichen Herzfrequenz zeigte die Korrelationen mit den Unterschieden im Blut- (r=-,48) und Plasmavolumen (r=-0,55) auf. Daraus lässt sich folgern, dass das meist geeignete und einfachste Mittel zur Beobachtung einer kurzfristigen Trainingsperiode mit Überbelastung die tägliche persönliche Auffasungsweise des Sportlers über seinem Wohlbefinden ist

Hohe trainingsbelastung bei ruderern: Auswirkungen auf Kreislaufwerte und Gemütszustandparameter

The effects of short-term overreaching on the circulatory responses and mood state parameters were investigated in male rowers. Fourteen national team level rowers (18.6 ± 2.0 yrs; 186.9 ± 5.7 cm; 82.4 ± 6.9 kg) were monitored during a six-day training camp. The training regimen consisted mainly of low-intensity on-water rowing and resistance training, for 19.2 ± 3.9 h, corresponding to an approximate 100% increase in the training load. The 2,000 m rowing ergometer performance time increased from 395.9 ± 10.8 to 404.2 ± 11.9 s corresponding to a mean power of 361.9 ± 28.5 and 349.0 ± 32.8 W, respectively. Blood lactate concentration measured five minutes after the test (from 19.2 ± 2.9 to 16.2 ± 2.3 mmol.l-1) and mean heart rate (from 184.6 ± 7.5 to 179.2 ± 7.4 beats/min-1) decreased. Maximal oxygen consumption remained unchanged. The subjective ratings of fatigue and muscle soreness increased and were related to the training volume (r>0.52). The blood parameters of the red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were decreased, while blood and plasma volumes were increased after the training period. The blood variables were not correlated with the training volume (r0.05). The change between tests in the corresponding heart rate demonstrated correlation to the changes in blood (r=-0.48) and plasma (r=-0.55) volumes. It is concluded that the most appropriate and simple tool for monitoring a short-term overload training period is the self-reported ratings of well-being on a daily basis.Uvod Sindrom pretreniranosti definira se kao dugoročno sniženje kapaciteta za sportske rezultate uzrokovano nakupljanjem trenažnog i izvantrenažnog stresa. Pretreniranost se javlja kao odgovor na velike volumene trenažnih opterećenja i/ili visoke intenzitete treninga uz neadekvatne periode oporavka između pojedinačnih treninga. Brojni pokazatelji pretreniranosti i preopterećenosti (overreaching) izdvojeni su na temelju različitih fizioloških i psiholoških parametara. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je istražiti učinke kratkotrajne preopterećenosti na cirkulacijske odgovore i parametre raspoloženja kod veslača. Metoda Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 14 veslača, natjecatelja na nacionalnoj kvalitetnoj razini (18.6±2.0 godina, 186±5.7 cm, 82.4±6.9 kg) koji su praćeni za vrijeme šestodnevnih priprema. Volumen treninga tijekom šest dana narastao je do 19.2±3.9 sati, što odgovara povećanju trenažnog volumena za otprilike 100% u usporedbi s njihovim prosječnim tjednim trenažnim opterećenjem u prethodna četiri tjedna. Ukupno, provedeno je 12 pojedinačnih treninga u eksperimentalnom periodu s preopterećenjem, za razliku od 6 takvih pojedinačnih treninga u četiri tjedna koja su prethodila pripremama. Osamdeset i pet posto ukupnog trenažnog volumena otpadalo je na trening izdržljivosti nižeg intenziteta (veslanje ili trčanje), 5% na anaerobni trening visokog intenziteta (veslanje) i 10% na treninge s otporom. Maksimalni test veslanja 2000 m na veslačkom ergometru proveden je prije (test 1) i nakon (test 2) šestodnevnog perioda treninga. Ispitanicima je bilo dozvoljeno da lagano treniraju ili da ne treniraju uopće to popodne kada se provodilo finalno testiranje. Uzorci krvi prikupljali su se na svakom jutarnjem treningu. Ranojutarnja tjelesna težina i frekvencija srca pratili su se svakog dana. Osim toga, od veslača se tražilo da svaki dan sami procijene kvalitetu spavanja, umor, stres i bol u mišićima na skali od 1 do 7 (1 - vrlo, vrlo malo, 7 - vrlo, vrlo jako). Rezultati Wilcoxonov test ekvivalentnih parova korišten je za usporedbu rezultata prvog i drugog testiranja. Izračunat je Spearmanov koeficijent korelacije. Za sve testove utvrđena je razina značajnosti od 0.05. Vrijeme veslanja na ergometru na 2000 m poraslo je sa 395.9±10.8s na 404.2±11.9 sekundi zajedno s opadanjem snage sa 361.9±28.5W na 349.0±32.8 W. Koncentracija laktata u krvi, mjerena pet minuta nakon provedenog testa, smanjila se (sa 19.2±2.9 na 16.2±2.3mmol•l-1), kao i frekvencija srca (sa 184.6±7.5 na 179.2±7.4 otk•min-1). Maksimalni primitak kisika ostao je nepromijenjen. Subjektivna ocjena umora i boli u mišićima povećala se, a i pokazalo se da je povezana s razinom trenažnog volumena (r>.52). Parametri iz krvi, kao što su broj crvenih krvnih stanica, koncentracija hemoglobina i hematokrita, smanjili su svoje vrijednosti, dok su volumen krvne plazme i volumen krvi bili povećani nakon trenažnog perioda. Varijable krvnih parametara nisu pokazale povezanost s trenažnim volumenom (r0.05). Promjene u testovima prosječnih vrijednosti frekvencije srca pokazale su povezanost s promjenama u volumenima krvi (r = -0.48) i plazme (r = -0.55). Rasprava i zaključak Smanjenje maksimalnih rezultata kod veslača interpretiralo se kao odraz premorenosti, možda i preopterećenosti. Prema rezultatima ovog istraživanja mogli bismo reći da je najprikladnija metoda za praćenje kratkotrajnog trenažnog perioda preopterećenosti samoanaliza raspoloženja uz korištenje dnevničkih bilježaka o treninzima. Sveobuhvatno fiziološko testiranje manje je osjetljivo na dramatično povećanje trenažnog volumena kod veslača. Za sada se čini da je samoanaliza sportaša, koji je podvrgnut visokim trenažnim opterećenjima, najučinkovitija metoda za praćenje moguće kratkotrajne preopterećenosti. Dugoročno vođene dnevničke samoanalitičke bilješke mogu se jednostavno čuvati i uspoređivati sa sostificiranijim fiziološkim metodama za procjenu pretreniranosti kada je to potrebno.Die Auswirkungen einer kurzfristigen Überbelastung bei Ruderern auf die Blutkreislaufwerte und Gemütszustandparameter wurden geforscht. Vierzehn leistungsstärkste estonische Ruderer (18,6 ± 2,0 Jahre alt; 186,9 ± 5,7 cm; 82,4 ± 6,9 kg) wurden während eines sechstägigen Trainingslagers beobachtet. Das Trainingsprogramm bestand überwiegend aus dem Rudern niedriger Intensität auf Gewässern und Krafttraining, durchschnittlich 19,2 ± 3,9 Stunden der Dauer, was einer fast 100% Erhöhung der Trainingsbelastung entspricht. Die Dauer des 2000m Ruderns steigte von 395,9 ± 10,8 bis auf 404,2 ± 11,9 Sekunden, was einer durchschnittlichen Kraftaufwand von 361,9 ± 28,5 und 349,0 ± 32,8 W entspricht. Die Konzentration von Blutlaktaten (von 19,2 ± 2,9 bis 16,2 ± 2,3 mmol.l-1) wurde fünf Minuten nach dem Test gemessen und die durchschnittliche Herzfrequenz nahm ab (von 184,6 ± 7,5 bis 179,2 ± 7,4 Herzschläge.min-1). Der maximale Sauerstoffverbrauch blieb unverändert. Die subjektive Einschätzungswerte von Erschöpfung und Muskelschmerz nahmen zu, was mit dem Trainingsumfang zusammenhängt (r>0,52). Die Blutparameter, wie z. B. die Anzahl von roten Blutzellen, die Hämoglobinkonzentration und Hämatokrit nahmen ab, während das Blut- und Plasmavolumen nach der Trainingsperiode zunahm. Die Blutvariablen korrelierten nicht mit dem Trainingsumfang (r0,05). Der Unterschied zwischen den Tests der durchschnittlichen Herzfrequenz zeigte die Korrelationen mit den Unterschieden im Blut- (r=-,48) und Plasmavolumen (r=-0,55) auf. Daraus lässt sich folgern, dass das meist geeignete und einfachste Mittel zur Beobachtung einer kurzfristigen Trainingsperiode mit Überbelastung die tägliche persönliche Auffasungsweise des Sportlers über seinem Wohlbefinden ist

Hormonski odgovor na skakački test u sprintera adolescenata

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different duration (1, 3 or 5 min) rest intervals on hormonal response in 10x10 hurdle jumping series. Eleven adolescent male sprinters and jumpers (16.2±0.9 years, height 170.5±7.9 cm, body mass 70.9±11.1 kg, body mass index 22.0±3.4 kg/m2) participated in the study. An exercise session consisted of 10 two-legged jumps with arm swing over ten 76 cm high hurdles in 10 series which were separated by either 1-, 3- or 5-minute rest intervals. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after the session and cortisol (CORT), testosterone (TEST) and the growth hormone (GH) concentrations were analyzed. Mean jumping times over 10 hurdles using one (7.67±0.92 sec), three (7.44±0.66 sec) or five (7.14±0.54 sec) minutes of recovery were not significantly different from each other (p>.05). No significant changes were noted in CORT and TEST concentrations as a result of different exercise sessions. Compared with the initial value, GH increased rapidly (p,05. Nisu zabilježene značajne promjene u koncentracijama CORT i TEST nakon provedenih različitih protokola vježbanja. U usporedbi s inicijalnim mjerenjima, koncentracija GH je naglo rasla (p<,001) nakon skakačkoga testa provedenoga s jednominutnom pauzom između serija. Negativna korelacija (r=-,791) zabilježena je između prosječnoga vremena skokova s petominutnom pauzom između serija i promjena u koncentraciji TEST. Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da kratkotrajne serije skokova s različitim trajanjem odmora među njima ne izazivaju značajne promjene u koncentracijama TEST i CORT, ali u protokolu vježbanja s najkraćom pauzom (jedna minuta) dolazi do značajnih razlika u koncentraciji GH u sprintera i skakača adolescenata

Antropometrijske i fiziološke odrednice izvedbe trčanja u trkača na srednje i duge pruge

The aim of the present study was to compare anthropometric, body composition and physiological parameters in middle- and long-distance runners of the same performance level and to identify variables that could predict the probability of being either a middle- or a long-distance runner. National-level middle-(n=20, body mass M=70.5, SD=6.3 kg, body height M=1.80, SD=0.04 m,) and long- (n=20, body mass M=69.0, SD=4.5 kg, body height M=1.81, SD=0.05 m) distance runners performed an incremental test on a treadmill. Anthropometric and body composition parameters were measured and different body length and mass ratios were calculated. Middle- and long-distance runners did not differ (p>.05) in their leg mass, length proportions, in their measured anthropometric or body composition parameters, except for the lower leg length. Performance in middle-distance runners was best described by the lower leg to upper leg mass ratio (Adj R2=.41; p<.05) and the second ventilatory threshold time (Adj R2=.33; p<.05), while the performance in long-distance runners was best described by the total time on a treadmill (Adj R2=.36; p<.05). The constructed model showed that VO2maxtime (OR=1.01, 95% CI 1.001-1.012) and age (OR=1.57; 95% CI 1.065-2.310) classified middle- and long-distance runners in their specialties. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate the relevance of specific anthropometric parameters in predicting middle- but not longdistance running performance.Cilj je ovoga rada bio usporediti antropometrijske i fiziološke parametre te sastav tijela trkača na srednje i duge pruge koji su slične kvalitetne razine te identificirati varijable koje bi mogle prognozirati vjerojatnost njihova pripadanja skupini srednjoprugaša ili dugoprugaša. Trkači nacionalnog ranga koji trče na srednje (n=20, tjelesna masa M=70,5 kg, SD=6,3 kg, tjelesna visina M=1,80 m, SD=0,04 m) i duge pruge (n=20, tjelesna masa M=69,0 kg, SD=4,5 kg, tjelesna visina M=1,81 m, SD=0,05 m) podvrgnuti su progresivnom testu opterećenja. Izmjerene su antropometrijske karakteristike i sastav tijela te su izračunati omjeri longitudinalnih dimenzija različitih dijelova tijela i njihove mase. Srednjoprugaši i dugoprugaši se nisu razlikovali (p>0,05) u masi nogu, proporcijama dužine te izmjerenim antropometrijskim parametrima ili varijablama sastava tijela. Izvedba trčanja na srednje pruge najbolje je definirana pomoću varijable omjer mase potkoljenice i mase natkoljenice (Adj R2=0,41; p<0,05) te vremena postizanja drugog ventilacijskog praga (Adj R2=0,33; p<0,05), dok je uspješnost trčanja u dugoprugaša bila najbolje definirana pomoću varijable ukupno vrijeme trčanja na progresivnom testu opterećenja (Adj R2=0,36; p<0,05). Konstruirani model je pokazao da su vrijeme postizanja VO2max na progresivnom testu opterećenja (OR=1,01, 95% CI 1.001-1.012) i dob trkača (OR=1,57; 95% CI 1.065-2.310) najviše pridonijeli klasifikaciji trkača u njihove discipline. Zaključno, rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazali su na važnost specifičnih antropometrijskih karakteristika u predviđanju uspješnosti u trčanju na srednje pruge, ali ne i u trčanju na duge pruge

Interpretation of peak oxygen consumption in 10–12-year-old soccer players: effect of biological maturation and body size

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biological maturation and body size on aerobic capacity using appropriate scaling procedures in 10–12-year-old soccer players divided into late, average and early maturing boys. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was expressed as absolute values, ratio standards, theoretical exponents and experimentally observed exponents. VO2peak was not directly proportional to body mass as the experimentally observed exponent for body mass calculated through linear regression analysis yielded to b=0.64 (R2=0.62; p2peak expressed in l/min was different (p2peak values were adjusted for body mass (ml/min/kg), or when the effect of body mass was adjusted for using theoretical exponent scales (ml/kg0.67/min, ml/kg0.75/min) and experimentally observed exponent (ml/kg0.64/min), the VO2peak responses displayed relativeley constant values (p&gt;0.05) throughout different maturation groups. Linear regression analyses indicated that after adjusting for the effects of body mass using the theoretical exponent scales (ml/min/kg0.67), biological maturation and body size had no effect on VO2peak values in young soccer players. In conclusion, the theoretical exponent scale for body mass (ml/kg0.67/min) control adequately for biological maturation and body size differences in VO2peak in 10–12-year-old soccer players. Therefore, more mature soccer players with better body size values should not be preferentially selected for young soccer teams

Hormonski odgovor na skakački test u sprintera adolescenata

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different duration (1, 3 or 5 min) rest intervals on hormonal response in 10x10 hurdle jumping series. Eleven adolescent male sprinters and jumpers (16.2±0.9 years, height 170.5±7.9 cm, body mass 70.9±11.1 kg, body mass index 22.0±3.4 kg/m2) participated in the study. An exercise session consisted of 10 two-legged jumps with arm swing over ten 76 cm high hurdles in 10 series which were separated by either 1-, 3- or 5-minute rest intervals. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after the session and cortisol (CORT), testosterone (TEST) and the growth hormone (GH) concentrations were analyzed. Mean jumping times over 10 hurdles using one (7.67±0.92 sec), three (7.44±0.66 sec) or five (7.14±0.54 sec) minutes of recovery were not significantly different from each other (p>.05). No significant changes were noted in CORT and TEST concentrations as a result of different exercise sessions. Compared with the initial value, GH increased rapidly (p,05. Nisu zabilježene značajne promjene u koncentracijama CORT i TEST nakon provedenih različitih protokola vježbanja. U usporedbi s inicijalnim mjerenjima, koncentracija GH je naglo rasla (p<,001) nakon skakačkoga testa provedenoga s jednominutnom pauzom između serija. Negativna korelacija (r=-,791) zabilježena je između prosječnoga vremena skokova s petominutnom pauzom između serija i promjena u koncentraciji TEST. Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da kratkotrajne serije skokova s različitim trajanjem odmora među njima ne izazivaju značajne promjene u koncentracijama TEST i CORT, ali u protokolu vježbanja s najkraćom pauzom (jedna minuta) dolazi do značajnih razlika u koncentraciji GH u sprintera i skakača adolescenata

Caliper vs. Lipometer - comparing two methods of subcutaneous body fat measurement by Bland-Altman diagrams

Skinfold Calipers are widely used to obtain subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness because of its non-invasive, simple and inexpensive technique. Nevertheless, Caliper skinfold thicknesses have the disadvantage of measuring compressed adipose tissue and double layers of skin, which might reduce the precision of these results. In contrast, the computerized optical device Lipometer was developed to permit a quick, precise and non-invasive determination of non-compressed mono layers of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. In the present paper we investigate the hypothesis that Caliper skinfold thicknesses are significantly different from subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses in mm, which can be measured by Lipometer. Caliper and Lipometer results were obtained from 371 Estonian boys aged between 9.0 and 12.8 years. Measurements were performed at six different body sites: triceps, biceps, upper back, upper abdomen, hip and front thigh. Caliper measurements were systematically higher than Lipometer results in a range between 1.2 mm (hip) and 11.08 mm (front thigh). Comparing Caliper and Lipometer results very low measurement agreement was found. The two methods provided very poor interchangeability

Caliper vs. Lipometer - comparing two methods of subcutaneous body fat measurement by Bland-Altman diagrams

Skinfold Calipers are widely used to obtain subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness because of its non-invasive, simple and inexpensive technique. Nevertheless, Caliper skinfold thicknesses have the disadvantage of measuring compressed adipose tissue and double layers of skin, which might reduce the precision of these results. In contrast, the computerized optical device Lipometer was developed to permit a quick, precise and non-invasive determination of non-compressed mono layers of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. In the present paper we investigate the hypothesis that Caliper skinfold thicknesses are significantly different from subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses in mm, which can be measured by Lipometer. Caliper and Lipometer results were obtained from 371 Estonian boys aged between 9.0 and 12.8 years. Measurements were performed at six different body sites: triceps, biceps, upper back, upper abdomen, hip and front thigh. Caliper measurements were systematically higher than Lipometer results in a range between 1.2 mm (hip) and 11.08 mm (front thigh). Comparing Caliper and Lipometer results very low measurement agreement was found. The two methods provided very poor interchangeability