1,424 research outputs found
Could NICE guidance on the choice of blood pressure lowering drugs be simplified?
Reecha Sofat and colleagues argue that prescribing advice needs updating in the light of recent evidence that all classes of blood pressure lowering drugs are broadly equivalen
Taxing the Informal Economy: The Current State of Knowledge and Agendas for Future Research
This paper reviews the literature on taxation of the informal economy, taking stock of key debates
and drawing attention to recent innovations. Conventionally, the debate on whether to tax has frequently focused
on the limited revenue potential, high cost of collection, and potentially adverse impact on small firms. Recent
arguments have increasingly emphasised the more indirect benefits of informal taxation in relation to economic
growth, broader tax compliance, and governance. More research is needed, we argue, into the relevant costs and
benefits for all, including quasi-voluntary compliance, political and administrative incentives for reform, and
citizen-state bargaining over taxation
Measuring Information Transfer
An information theoretic measure is derived that quantifies the statistical
coherence between systems evolving in time. The standard time delayed mutual
information fails to distinguish information that is actually exchanged from
shared information due to common history and input signals. In our new
approach, these influences are excluded by appropriate conditioning of
transition probabilities. The resulting transfer entropy is able to distinguish
driving and responding elements and to detect asymmetry in the coupling of
subsystems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 Figures, Revte
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Reactive plasma atomization of aluminum nitride powder
Experiments were performed to synthesize AlN powders by reacting Al with N using a conventional dc arc plasma as heat source. Feeding Al powder into Ar/N plasma open to atmosphere produced mainly Al oxide. Experiments using a chamber backfilled with nitrogen suppressed the Al oxide, but little AlN was formed. A furnace and crucible assembly was designed to feed molten Al directly into a DeLaval nozzle attached to the face of the dc arc plasma gun. Resulting submicron powders show a significant increase in AlN formation. This was dependent on chamber pressure, plasma velocity, and molten liquid feed rate. Experimental parameters, equipment design, effects of atomization/vaporization/condensation are discussed
Chaos or Noise - Difficulties of a Distinction
In experiments, the dynamical behavior of systems is reflected in time
series. Due to the finiteness of the observational data set it is not possible
to reconstruct the invariant measure up to arbitrary fine resolution and
arbitrary high embedding dimension. These restrictions limit our ability to
distinguish between signals generated by different systems, such as regular,
chaotic or stochastic ones, when analyzed from a time series point of view. We
propose to classify the signal behavior, without referring to any specific
model, as stochastic or deterministic on a certain scale of the resolution
, according to the dependence of the -entropy,
, and of the finite size Lyapunov exponent,
, on .Comment: 24 pages RevTeX, 9 eps figures included, two references added, minor
corrections, one section has been split in two (submitted to PRE
Fantasies of subjugation: a discourse theoretical account of British policy on the European Union
The decision by the UK government to hold a referendum on Britain’s membership of the European Union (EU) marks an important development in policy towards the EU. Policy changes of this kind must be understood in the historical and political context in which they occur. This includes the framing of the policy issues within public discourse. In the UK, policies are formed in a discursive environment which is overwhelmingly hostile towards the EU. Debates are structured by a predominantly Euroskeptic discourse which emphasizes the UK’s separation and heterogeneity from the rest of the EU. Drawing on the logics of critical explanation, this article examines the structure and affective power of Euroskeptic discourses which dictate the terms of the EU debate. It presents a case study of the recent EU treaty revision process, culminating in the Treaty of Lisbon. In so doing, it enables a deeper understanding of recent policy developments
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