The Volatiles of Mt. Pagan, Northern Mariana Islands

The powerful 15 May 198I eruption and frequent subsequent activity of Mt.Pagan have led to the formation of an extensive summit fumarole field. An exhaustive search using a portable gas "sniffer" failed to detect a significant primary magmatic gas component in the fumarole field. Collected gas samples contain mostly ambient air with concentrations of CO2 to a maximum of 5.5% of the dry gas. He, H2, H2S, S02 , and CH4 are below detection limits in all samples collected. The (H20)/(C02) ratio was 13 for one fumarole tested. The carbon isotope composition of the fumarolic CO2 (b13C-C02 = -1.1) shows that this gas is derived from marine carbonates. The physical location of these carbonates has not been determined. The hydrogen isotope compositions of the fumarolic water (D-H20 = -29 to -48) and low concentrations of HCl (approximately 500 mg/L) indicate that the fumarolic condensates are produced mostly from locally derived meteoric water. Seawater is apparently excluded from the central volcanic body. The lack of detectable primary magmatic volatiles in fumarolic emanations may reflect prior degassing of the mantle beneath Mt.Pagan

Chemical and isotopic composition of water from thermal and mineral springs of Washington

Waters from the thermal springs of Washington range in chemical composition from dilute Na-HCO/sub 3/ to moderately saline CO/sub 2/-charged Na-HCO/sub 3/-Cl type waters. St. Martin's Hot Spring which discharges a slightly saline Na-Cl water, is the notable exception. The dilute Na-HCO/sub 3/ waters are generally associated with granitic intrusions; the warm to hot CO/sub 2/-charged waters issue on or near the large stratovolcanoes. The dilute waters have oxygen-isotopic compositions that indicate relatively little water-rock exchange. The CO/sub 2/-charged waters are usually more enriched in oxygen-18 due to more extensive water-rock reaction. The carbon-13 in the CO/sub 2/-charged thermal waters is more depleted (-10 to -12 %) than in the cold CO/sub 2/-charged soda springs (-2 to -8%) which are also scattered throughout the Cascades. The hot and cold CO/sub 2/-charged waters are supersaturated with respect to CaCO/sub 3/, but only the hot springs are actively depositing CaCO/sub 3/. Baker, Gamma, Sulphur, and Ohanapecosh hot springs seem to be associated with thermal aquifers of more than 100/sup 0/C. As these springs occur as individual springs or in small clusters, the respective aquifers are probably of restricted size

Chemical and isotopic data for water from thermal springs and wells of Oregon

The thermal springs of Oregon range in composition from dilute NaHCO/sub 3/ waters to moderately saline CO/sub 2/-charged NaCl-NaHCO/sub 3/ waters. Most of the thermal springs are located in southeastern or southcentral Oregon, with a few in northeastern Oregon and near the contact of the Western Cascades with the High Cascades. Thermal springs in the central and northern parts of the Cascades generally issue moderately saline NaCl waters. Farther south in the Cascades, the thermal waters are high in CO/sub 2/ as well as chloride. Most thermal springs in northeastern Oregon issue dilute NaHCO/sub 3/ waters of high pH (>8.5). These waters are similar to the thermal waters which issue from the Idaho batholith, farther east. Most of the remaining thermal waters are Na mixed-anion waters. Based on the chemical geothermometers, Mickey Srpings, Hot Borax Lake, Alvord Hot Springs, Neal Hot Springs, Vale Hot Springs, Crump Well, Hunters (Lakeview) Hot Springs, and perhaps some of the springs in the Cascades are associated with the highest temperature systems (>150/sup 0/C)

Genomewide analysis of PRC1 and PRC2 occupancy identifies two classes of bivalent domains

10.1371/journal.pgen.1000242PLoS Genetics410e100024

A FEMINIST CASE AGAINST NATIONAL FAMILY POLICY: VIEW TO THE FUTURE

This paper examines the goals of current family policy proposals from a feminist perspective. It reveals the fundamental pronatalist values that are inherent in such proposals. It reviews recent research that raises questions regarding the actual impact of Scandinavian family policies (which are often used as a model), in terms of actually achieving the stated objective of enhancing equality between the sexes. It briefly explores the family policy that already exists in the United States, having been judicially enacted by the Supreme Court, and finally, it shows how most current family based policy proposals serve to maintain inequality rather than to promote equality, both in society and the home. Copyright 1989 by The Policy Studies Organization.