ГЕНЕЗА И СВОЈСТВА НА РАНКЕРИТЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕТИ ВО МЕСНОСТА КОНАР ПЕХЧЕВО

The study contains the results of the soil genesis condition, the genesis and properties of the ranker soil spread out of the Pehcevo in area Konar. This no carbonic soil,middle humus to weakly humus, mediumprovided to penurious of nitrogen, potassium, and weakly with phosphor, Sandy clay loam, sandy loam, loam to clay soils

A Follow-up Study Examining Airborne Ambrosia Pollen in the Milan Area in 2014 in Relation to the Accidental Introduction of the Ragweed Leaf Beetle Ophraella Communa

The North American invasive alien Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common or short ragweed) is considered to be an important weed in agriculture and source of highly allergenic pollen (Smith et al. 2013; Essl et al. 2015 references therein) in many parts of the world, including Europe. The oligophagous leaf beetle Ophraella communa LeSage 1986 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) preferably feeds from A. artemisiifolia, and is successfully used as a biological agent to control this weed in China (Zhou et al. 2014). It can prevent plants from producing seeds and pollen when it kills them before flowering. In 2013, this beetle was found to have accidentally established in Southern Switzerland and Northern Italy, with high incidence and densities in the Milan area Muller Scharer et al. 2014). The map showing the presence of the beetle has now been updated for 2014 (Fig. 1). We have previously shown, using linear regression models, that the exceptionally low amounts of airborne Ambrosia pollen observed in the Milan area in 2013 could not be explained by meteorology in that year. We therefore suggested that the decrease might be related to the presence of large numbers of O. communa (Bonini et al. 2015

Is the Recent Decrease in Airborne Ambrosia Pollen in the Milan Area Due to the Accidental Introduction of the Ragweed Leaf Beetle Ophraella Communa?

This study aims to determine whether a significant decrease in airborne concentrations of Ambrosia pollen witnessed in the north-west of the Province of Milan in Northern Italy could be explained by environmental factors such as meteorology, or whether there is evidence to support the hypothesis that the decrease was related to the presence of large numbers of the oligophagous Ophraella communa leaf beetles that are used as a biological control agent against Ambrosia in other parts of the world. Airborne concentrations of Ambrosia, Cannabaceae and Urticaceae pollen data (2000–2013) were examined for trends over time and correlated with meteorological data. The amount of Ambrosia pollen recorded annually during the main flowering period of Ambrosia (August–September) was entered into linear regression models with meteorological data in order to determine whether the amount of airborne Ambrosia pollen recorded in 2013 was lower than would normally be expected based on the prevailing weather conditions. There were a number of significant correlations between concentrations of airborne Ambrosia, Cannabaceae and Urticaceae pollen, as well as between airborne pollen concentrations and daily and monthly meteorological data. The linear regression models greatly overestimated the amount of airborne Ambrosia pollen in 2013. The results of the regression analysis support the hypothesis that the observed decrease in airborne Ambrosia pollen may indeed be related to the presence of large numbers of O. communa in the Milan area, as the drastic decrease in airborne Ambrosia pollen in 2013 cannot be explained by meteorology alone