A probabilistic approach to reduce the route establishment overhead in AODV algorithm for manet

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETS) is a collection of wireless nodes without any infrastructure support. The nodes in MANET can act as either router or source and the control of the network is distributed among nodes. The nodes in MANETS are highly mobile and it maintains dynamic interconnection between those mobile nodes. MANTEs have been considered as isolated stand-alone network. This can turn the dream of networking "at any time and at any where" into reality. The main purpose of this paper is to study the issues in route discovery process in AODV protocol for MANET. Flooding of route request message imposes major concern in route establishment. This paper suggests a new approach to reduce the routing overhead during the route discovery phase. By considering the previous behaviour of the network, the new protocol reduces the unwanted searches during route establishment processComment: International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.3, No.2, March 201

Kaviko's 'Ghazal' Songs - A Glimpse

Twentieth century Tamil literature is considered to have reached the peak of social change. Such literary forms have in themselves an expression of sentiment similar to that of Sangam literature. Tamil Modern Poetry is based on the intellectual genre of Tamil that subtly conveys the call for social change. Traveling with the ideas of various creators, Tamil poetry is a field of study that is still appreciated today. Kavico Abdul Rahman is one of the few poets who can ever be thought of in the history of Tamil poetry. He has achieved many achievements through his socially conscious writing journey. His writings are profound, meticulously recording individual emotions. In his poetic works, poet Abdul Rahman has taken many new initiatives. One of them is the "ghazal" literary genre. It is a two-line song that is called "Kanni." These ghazals are mostly about love. Abdul Rahman wrote the ghazal in a new poetic style and sang it on all subjects. Out of the two volumes of poems, ‘A Letter from Minmini’, and ‘Secret Flower', written by him, only 'Rakasiyapoo' was taken as the subject of the study. Many poems, including love, God, philosophy, society, and fantasy, are included in the ghazal volume. They are resourceful in the aspect of cultivating minds. Therefore, this article is based on the above-mentioned subjects as sub-headings. 'Whenever my mind gets dirty, I bathe in poetry' is the ghazal of the poet. Each of his ghazals is a boon to the heart, forming a watery flower bed and giving pleasure

Valluvar's Dependency Principle in Consciousness

In Arathuppaal, Valluvar creates a state of asceticism (by charity) and lays down the true principles. In the 36th chapter of Meiyunarthal' (Realization), he gives a very beautiful description of the realisation of the real object of God. This article examines only the single verse 359 in this authority. In this verse, the word 'Charbu' (dependency) occurs in two places. The word 'Charbu' that comes first denotes God. It also says to feel sfor him. The word 'Charbu' that comes second refers to the misfortunes that man earns. Valluvar says that if one wants to get rid of them, one should practise Ashtaanga Yoga (eight limbs of yoga). Valluvar says that if we practise in this way, all the vices that are waiting to torment us will be destroyed and the state of salvation will be attained. This article explains this message by quoting the sayings of sages, including Thirumoolar. This article emphasises that the purpose of human birth is to overcome birth. Through this, the virtue of wisdom to merge with God is realized. Recovering from the current selfish life, our soul becomes a loving soul and attains the maturity to respect the welfare of others. Love shown to other living beings becomes grace and honours human dignity

Shekhizhar about Shiva Worship

Saivism had spread all around the world in ancient times. Evidence of Shiva worship has also been found in the Hindus Valley Civilization. There are literary references to Shiva even in the Sangam period. Shiva has been linked with the metaphysical philosophy. In the seventh century A.D, Saivism had a revival and spread throughout Tamil Nadu. The Nayanmars spread the Saivism throughout Tamil Nadu. Their history was made into a great epic called Periyapuranam by Shekhizhar. This article examines the tradition of Shiva worship through Shekhizhar’s works

Phylogenetic diversity of culturable bacteria in Chaetoceros gracilis mass culture system of a marine finfish hatchery

Microalgae, a major live feed in aquaculture always coexist with associated bacteria. Hence a better understanding of algal-bacterial interaction is essential for maintaining a stable environment in intensive larval rearing tanks. Therefore, herein we attempted to determine the phylogenetic diversity of culturable bacteria associated with microalgal production system of a marine finfish hatchery with special reference to Chaetoceros gracilis mass culture. The sequencing of 16S rDNA of representative from each phylotypes revealed that the associated microflora belong to the classes Gammaproteo bacteria, Alphaproteo bacteria, and Bacilli. In particular, members of Marinobacter genus showed higher degree of association followed by Leisingera, Alteromonas, Nautella, Halomonas and Ruegeria. The association of bacterial groups belonging to the genera Idiomarina, Albidovulum and Staphylococcus were also detected. The variation of bacterial diversity in microalgal habitat with changes in environmental conditions was also discussed in the present work. In overall, the present study gives a greater insight to the algal microhabitat which would be vital for improving stability, productivity, sustainability and reliability of large scale microalgal cultivation and their feeding to the target aquaculture species