TOWARDS DIGITAL TWIN DRIVEN CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT: A HBIM-BASED WORKFLOW FOR ENERGY IMPROVEMENT OF MODERN BUILDINGS

Europe has numerous historic buildings that need to become more energy-efficient, which need permanent maintenance and refurbishment to fulfill sustainability and use requirements. Asset owners and asset managers need to adopt new strategies to protect listed buildings while optimizing costs and benefits during their life cycle. In this sense, the digital transition proves to be a moment to seize for opening new scenarios. The Digital Twin paradigm promises to be valuable for enabling the sustainable knowledge, conservation, restoration, and management of built assets and solving the dilemma about protecting the architectural identity of these buildings while adapting them to the functional and performance requirements dictated by the regulatory framework. This study proposes a workflow that integrates Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) and Building Performance Simulation (BPS) tools for data-driving the energy improvement of Italian listed modern buildings built between the 1920s and 1960s. After acquiring information about the building, the HBIM model and the Building Energy Model (BEM) are realized based on the International Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. Energy intervention measures are defined, construction costs are computed, and benefits during the intervention life cycle are predicted in thermal demand. Finally, an expeditious multi-criteria analysis allows for comparing different intervention combinations and indicating the optimal solution for the energy improvement of the building concerning energy, economic, and financial issues. These outcomes represent the first step towards realizing a dynamic, accessible, and sharable Digital Twin

Fostering Students’ Critical Thinking through Reading Texts with Moral Values

This paper is written to achieve the objectives: 1) to explore the process of teaching CT through reading texts with moral values, (2) To describe know how students’ critical thinking responds to teaching critical thinking through reading moral value texts. This research is qualitative research, particularly a case study. This research was conducted in the third semester of class A at the English Education Department of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. The research data were obtained from observation, document analysis, and questionnaires. The data were transcribed, categorized into central themes, and interpreted into a description form and response results. The finding shows that the process of teaching CT through moral value texts is established by implementing the four features of a critical thinking classroom, such as frequent evaluative questions, encouragement of active learning, developmental tension, and fascination with the contingency conclusion (Browne & Freeman, 2000). Moreover, the data from students' papers show strengths and weaknesses of their student abilities. The students could present the aspects of critical thinking skills such as sensitivity, egocentrism, and relative thinking in their answers. In conclusion, the finding shows that teaching CT through reading moral values could foster the students' critical thinking skills. Then, it was recommended that the next research offers various methodologies of how to involve critical thinking skills in the classroom and more variety of materials should be used to encourage students' critical thinking.

Building Information Modeling and Building Performance Simulation-Based Decision Support Systems for Improved Built Heritage Operation

Adapting outdated building stocks’ operations to meet current environmental and economic demands poses significant challenges that, to be faced, require a shift toward digitalization in the architecture, engineering, construction, and operation sectors. Digital tools capable of acquiring, structuring, sharing, processing, and visualizing built assets’ data in the form of knowledge need to be conceptualized and developed to inform asset managers in decision-making and strategic planning. This paper explores how building information modeling and building performance simulation technologies can be integrated into digital decision support systems (DSS) to make building data accessible and usable by non-digital expert operators through user-friendly services. The method followed to develop the digital DSS is illustrated and then demonstrated with a simulation-based application conducted on the heritage case study of the Faculty of Engineering in Bologna, Italy. The analysis allows insights into the building’s energy performance at the space and hour scale and explores its relationship with the planned occupancy through a data visualization approach. In addition, the conceptualization of the DSS within a digital twin vision lays the foundations for future extensions to other technologies and data, including, for example, live sensor measurements, occupant feedback, and forecasting algorithms

The Process of Digitalization of the Urban Environment for the Development of Sustainable and Circular Cities: A Case Study of Bologna, Italy

The residential heritage that was built during the great expansion of real estate after the Second World War has severe deficiencies in structural safety, fire resistance, energy efficiency, and accessibility and these cannot be solved with sustainable renovation measures. This study focuses on replacement interventions and promotes a management model that addresses three areas (technical, social, and economic) and it refers to the application of the circularity principle to the construction sector for the goal of climate neutrality by 2050. The final objective is to define a protocol—namely, the guidelines—to reference in a decision-making process that promotes urban regeneration by comparing demolition with reconstruction and renovation. The proposed methodology allows for the determination of suitable areas in Bologna for replacement and the joining of the municipal geodatabase with data from archival research on building permits in 1949–1965 by using GIS software. This digital archive can be implemented in a digital twin for an urban block, which can become a predictive tool for urban planning and the management of the whole life of a building. The main result is the characterization of urban blocks by identifying typical features belonging to specific building libraries that are validated with density analyses. These urban clusters and building archetypes can be used to assess targeted intervention measures by using specific tools, such as predictive maps and 3D city models

Wooden Truss Analysis, Preservation Strategies, and Digital Documentation through Parametric 3D Modeling and HBIM Workflow

The main focus of this paper is the most recent phase of a large research project that has studied several wooden roof structures in the area of Bologna, belonging to a set of important historical buildings, all dating back to the 16th and 18th centuries. In particular, the behavior of the wooden trusses that support pitched roofs is analyzed, according to a methodological approach, based on generative algorithms that can help researchers and technicians to improve the comprehension of wooden structures\u2019 behavior during their entire lifespan. While all the previous case studies concerned churches, this latest step extends the survey to the roofing system of the Municipal Theater of Bologna, which has a span of approximately 25 m. The core of the process concerns the automatic transformation of the point cloud into 3D models using parametric modeling tools, such as Grasshopper generative algorithms. Following this workflow, it is possible to speed up the creation of different truss models by changing only a few input parameters. This updating of the research protocol automatically creates a Building Information Modeling (BIM) model and a calculation model for the wooden trusses to perform a structural stress analysis by linking Grasshopper tools with Dynamo-Revit features. The procedure that has been developed from previous studies is still evolving and aims to speed up the modeling procedure and introduce new tools and methods for interpreting the functioning of these structural elements when surveyed through terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) devices

Il progetto ADRISEISMIC: ricognizione delle tecniche costruttive nei centri storici dell’area Adriatico-Ionica. The ADRISEISMIC Project: a survey on the building techniques in the historic centres of the Adriatic-Ionian area.

The research herein presented was carried out within the issues of the Adriseismic project, funded by the Interreg Adrion program, to address seismic vulnerability through a multidisciplinary approach. The project aims at developing new integrated approaches to innovate and harmonise the normative, technical and training frameworks in the ADRION area, providing ready-to-use methods, tools and procedures that will be integrated into the existing policies and practices, thus strengthening local responses and reducing vulnerability to natural hazards. The starting point of the activities was to deepen the knowledge of the built heritage in each country involved in the project, especially the local building techniques in the historic centres of the Adriatic-Ionian area, then qualitatively correlate them to possible seismic weaknesses. The typical construction characteristics of the buildings present in these Countries, both traditional and more recent ones, were analysed. In the first phase, the investigations were conducted by collecting all possible data in the six countries involved in the project: Italy, Croatia, Albania, Serbia, Slovenia and Greece. Then, the building techniques were divided according to their structural function, defining four macro-categories: vertical masonry structures, vertical reinforced concrete structures, horizontal structures and foundation structures. In the last phase, the results collected for each country were compared, highlighting a common general framework with substantial similarities between the various countries’ construction characteristics, despite different historical-cultural events and distant regulatory practices. This result demonstrates how the availability of the same building material governs construction solutions, even though human events are very different