Social marketing: Immunizing against unethical practice

A simple approach for the catalytic conversion of primary alcohols into their corresponding esters and amides, with evolution of H2 gas using in situ formed ruthenium PNP- and PNN-pincer catalysts, is presented. The evaluation showed conversions for the esterification with turnover numbers as high as 4300, and 4400 for the amidation

Stereoscopic wide field of view imaging system

A stereoscopic imaging system incorporates a plurality of imaging devices or cameras to generate a high resolution, wide field of view image database from which images can be combined in real time to provide wide field of view or panoramic or omni-directional still or video images

Post-prandial increases in liver-gut hormone LEAP2 correlate with attenuated eating behaviour in adults without obesity

Background: The novel liver-gut hormone LEAP2 is a centrally acting inverse agonist, and competitive antagonist of orexigenic acyl ghrelin (AG), at the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, reducing food intake in rodents. In humans, the effects of LEAP2 on eating behaviour and mechanisms behind the post-prandial increase in LEAP2 are unclear, though this is reciprocal to the post-prandial decrease in plasma AG. Methods: Plasma LEAP2 was measured in a secondary analysis of a previous study. Twenty-two adults without obesity attended after an overnight fast (Fasted-saline), consuming a 730kcal meal without (Fed-saline) or with (Fed-ghrelin) subcutaneous AG administration. Post-prandial changes in plasma LEAP2 were correlated with post-prandial changes in appetite, high-energy (HE) or low-energy (LE) food cue reactivity using functional MRI, ad libitum food intake, and plasma/serum AG, glucose, insulin and triglycerides. Results: Post-prandial plasma LEAP2 increased by 24.5-52.2% at 70-150 min, but was unchanged by exogenous AG administration. Post-prandial increases in LEAP2 correlated positively with post-prandial decreases in appetite, and cue reactivity to HE/LE and HE food in anterior/posterior cingulate cortex, paracingulate cortex, frontal pole, middle frontal gyrus, with similar trend for food intake. Post-prandial increases in LEAP2 correlated negatively with body mass index, but did not correlate positively with increases in glucose, insulin or triglycerides, nor decreases in AG. Conclusions: These correlational findings are consistent with a role for post-prandial increases in plasma LEAP2 in suppressing human eating behaviour in adults without obesity. Post-prandial increases in plasma LEAP2 are unrelated to changes in plasma AG and the mediator(s) remain uncertain

Microstructure analysis of titanium oxynitride films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering

This paper presents the structure analysis results of TiOxNy films, deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering with different O2/N2 flow ratio. The impact of increase of N2 flow upon the films structure has been studied. The analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction method. The lattice parameters and phase composition were calculated using PowderCell 2.4

Chemoenzymatic Hydrogen Production from Methanol through the Interplay of Metal Complexes and Biocatalysts

Microbial methylotrophic organisms can serve as great inspiration in the development of biomimetic strategies for the dehydrogenative conversion of C1 molecules under ambient conditions. In this Concept article, a concise personal perspective on the recent advancements in the field of biomimetic catalytic models for methanol and formaldehyde conversion, in the presence and absence of enzymes and co-factors, towards the formation of hydrogen under ambient conditions is given. In particular, formaldehyde dehydrogenase mimics have been introduced in stand-alone C1-interconversion networks. Recently, coupled systems with alcohol oxidase and dehydrogenase enzymes have been also developed for in situ formation and decomposition of formaldehyde and/or reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/ NAD+). Although C1 molecules are already used in many industries for hydrogen production, these conceptual bioinspired low-temperature energy conversion processes may lead one day to more efficient energy storage systems enabling renewable and sustainable hydrogen generation for hydrogen fuel cells under ambient conditions using C1 molecules as fuels for mobile and miniaturized energy storage solutions in which harsh conditions like those in industrial plants are not applicable.Peer reviewe