Guilty By Association: The Boycotting Of Danish Products In The Middle East

We present a business situation encountered by several multinational corporations as they faced social boycotts of their products in countries where the policies of their home country’s government were unpopular.  The case examines the issues surrounding the boycott of Danish products following the publication of cartoons depicting the likeness of Prophet Muhammad in what was interpreted as blasphemous by Muslim consumers.

Secure Data Transmission Using DNA ENCRYPTION

DNA Encryption is preferable biological technique for securing text/image because of its parallelism, vast storage and fast computing quality. The process involve biological molecule present in human body called DNA abbreviated as Deoxyribose  Nucleic Acid .The DNA molecule is synthesized and protein component part is extracted and then converted to nitrogen base . This nitrogen base is used in Encryption/Decryption and formulated as A (Adenine), C (Cytosine), T (Thymine) and G (Guanine) characters. DNA Cryptography components are ACTG characters only and how the message gets merged and located is known as DNA Cryptography. This ACTG characters create DNA Sequence S and merged with message M to produce new sequence S’ and send to receiver where Sequence S’ back converted to S. The paper will introduce traditional methods of DNA cryptography in which there is need of key and proposed methods ,in which introduction to key is not required ,hence removing the tension of securing the key.  The proposed method involves Complementary pair method

Brands As Ideological Symbols: The Cola Wars

The Coca-Cola Company is the undisputed global leader in the cola industry.  Despite its size and marketing savvy, the company has faced a barrage of competition from new companies in the Middle East and some parts of Europe.  These companies have tried to create a niche for themselves by tapping into the anti-U.S. sentiment that prevails among a section of population in these markets.  We review three such competitors, Zam Zam Cola, Mecca Cola, and Qibla Cola and their strategies for challenging the global giant

Design of NH-10 and NH-73 Byircmethod and their comparison with Aashto Method and Pcamethod

Nowadays, Environment Sustainability and effective use of natural resources is a great concern. To build hundreds of kilometres of roadway it involves huge amount of natural resources and we know that our natural resources are in very limited quantity. To save our limited resources any sustainable approach or any green technology or any method that can let us use our resources effectively is welcomed. One such approach for the sustainability of the environment is presented in this paper through the different pavement design approaches. In recent years, cement concrete pavements are being adopted in many new road projects in India in view of their longer service lives, lesser maintenance requirements and smoother riding surface. In this paper, National Highway-10 (Hisar and Dabwali) and National Highway-73 (Punchkula and Yamunanagar) is designed by three methods i.e. by IRC Method which is followed in India and by AASHTO method and PCA Method which are used in American countries. As the IRC method is partly based on the recommendations of AASHTO method and PCA method, it is required to compare the methods to know which is having more economical approach. Through this paper it is found that the IRC gives relatively less thickness as compared to other methods. By this finding we can say that in IRC method the quantity of materials required such as aggregate, bitumen etc.is less which in turn saves our natural resources and preserves our resources for future use. It is also found that the IRC method is more economical

Design of NH-10 and NH-73 Byircmethod and their comparison with Aashto Method and Pcamethod

33-38Nowadays, Environment Sustainability and effective use of natural resources is a great concern. To build hundreds of kilometres of roadway it involves huge amount of natural resources and we know that our natural resources are in very limited quantity. To save our limited resources any sustainable approach or any green technology or any method that can let us use our resources effectively is welcomed. One such approach for the sustainability of the environment is presented in this paper through the different pavement design approaches. In recent years, cement concrete pavements are being adopted in many new road projects in India in view of their longer service lives, lesser maintenance requirements and smoother riding surface. In this paper, National Highway-10 (Hisar and Dabwali) and National Highway-73 (Punchkula and Yamunanagar) is designed by three methods i.e. by IRC Method which is followed in India and by AASHTO method and PCA Method which are used in American countries. As the IRC method is partly based on the recommendations of AASHTO method and PCA method, it is required to compare the methods to know which is having more economical approach. Through this paper it is found that the IRC gives relatively less thickness as compared to other methods. By this finding we can say that in IRC method the quantity of materials required such as aggregate, bitumen etc.is less which in turn saves our natural resources and preserves our resources for future use. It is also found that the IRC method is more economical

An Unusual Case of Accidental Ingestion of a Toothbrush

Introduction: Foreign body ingestion is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department. While ingestion of small foreign bodies like coins and button batteries is not uncommon, ingestion of long and rigid foreign bodies like toothbrush is very rare. Case presentation: We describe a 36-year-old man who presented to us after accidental ingestion of a toothbrush. The patient underwent urgent endoscopic removal; Psychiatric evaluation revealed an acute and transient psychotic disorder in him. Conclusion: Ingestion of long and rigid foreign bodies like a toothbrush is an uncommon entity. Such foreign bodies when ingested find it difficult to maneuver through the GI tract, which makes their spontaneous passage almost impossible. Their ingestion is associated with increased risk of impaction, perforation and, bleeding. Therefore, early removal of the ingested toothbrush is recommended before complications develop

Urbanisation Effect on Hydrological Response: A Case Study of Asan River Watershed, India

Human being keeps on modifying the environment especially land use/land cover (LULC), in pursuance of excel, comfort and development. The subsequent impact of urbanization to the environment, especially land cover change, now occurs on scales that significantly affect hydrologic variations. The altering environment makes it necessary to understand and quantify various hydrological components for efficient water resource management. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was  made to study the impact of LULC change on runoff generation potential. Asan River watershed, which lies in Dehradun, capital of newly created Uttarakhand State, India, is selected as study region. A huge industrialization is been taken place within this watershed immediately after declaration of state in year 2000. Initially, LULC change detection analysis was carried out by simple LULC class area difference between two years under consideration i.e. 2000 and 2010. The hydrological simulation using variable infiltration capacity macro-scale hydrological model depicted increase in runoff after urbanization took place. Keywords: Land use land cover change, Urbanization, Impact assessment, hydrological modeling, variable infiltration capacity model, runoff potentia

Gangotri glacier dynamics from multi-sensor SAR and optical data

The present study has analyzed dynamics of Gangotri glacier using multiple remote sensing (RS) datasets and ground based observations. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data pairs from European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS 1/2) tandem pair for spring of 1996, Sentinel-1 SAR pairs and Japanese's Advance Land Observation System (ALOS) PALSAR-2 SAR data for Spring of 2015 were used to derive glacier-surface velocity at seasonal time scale using Differential InSAR (DInSAR) techniques. Bi-static TanDEM-X (Experimental) data was used for the 1st time to estimate glacier surface elevation changes for a period of 22, 44, 88 days during summer of 2012 using InSAR techniques in this study. Annual glacier velocity was also estimated using temporal panchromatic data of LANDSAT-5 (30 m), LANDSAT-7/8 (15 m), Sentinel-2 (10 m) and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-1C/1D panchromatic (5 m) data during 1998–2019 with feature tracking approach. This study has estimated glacier surface velocity and surface elevation changes for the major parts of Gangotri glacier and its tributary glaciers using medium to high resolution optical and SAR datasets, at annual and seasonal time scale, which is an improvement over earlier studies, wherein snout based glacier recession or only main glacier velocities were reported. The velocity and slope were used to assess glacier-ice thickness distribution using Glabtop-2, slope dependent and laminar flow based methods over the Gangotri group of glaciers. The estimated ice thickness was estimated in the range of 58–550 m for the complete glacier while few small areas in middle &amp; upper regions carry higher thickness of about 607 m. The estimated glacier-ice thickness was found in the range of 58–67 m at the snout region. The estimation was validated using 2014 field measurements from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) for the first time and correlation was found to be 0.799 at snout of the glacier.</p

Impact of India's publicly financed health insurance scheme on public sector district hospitals: a health financing perspective

Background: Districts hospitals in India play a pivotal role in delivering health care services in the public sector and are empanelled under India's national health insurance scheme i.e. Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PMJAY). In this paper, we evaluate the extent to which the PMJAY impacts the district hospitals from a financing perspective. Methods: We used cost data from India's nationally representative costing study—‘Costing of Health Services in India’ (CHSI) to determine the incremental cost of treating PMJAY patients, after adjusting for resources that are paid through supply-side government financing route. Second, we used data on number and claim value paid to public district and sub-district hospitals during 2019, to determine the additional revenue generated through PMJAY. The annual net financial gain per district hospital was estimated as the difference between payments under PMJAY, and the incremental cost of delivering the services. Findings: At current levels of utilisation, the district hospitals in India gain a net annual financial benefit of $26.1 (₹ 1839.3) million, which can potentially increase up to$ 41.8 (₹ 2942.9) million with an increase in the share of patient volume. For an average district hospital, we estimate net annual financial gain of $169,607 (₹ 11.9 million), increasing up to$ 271,372 (₹ 19.1 million) per hospital with increased utilisation. Interpretation: Demand-side financing mechanisms can be used to strengthen the public sector. Increasing utilisation of district hospitals, by either gatekeeping or improving availability of services will enhance financial gains for district hospitals and strengthen public sector. Funding: Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy: consensus statement of a working party of the Indian National Association for study of the liver

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major complication that develops in some form and at some stage in a majority of patients with liver cirrhosis. Overt HE occurs in approximately 30-45% of cirrhotic patients. Minimal HE (MHE), the mildest form of HE, is characterized by subtle motor and cognitive deficits and impairs health-related quality of life. The Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL) set up a Working Party on MHE in 2008 with a mandate to develop consensus guidelines on various aspects of MHE relevant to clinical practice. Questions related to the definition of MHE, its prevalence, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, natural history and treatment were addressed by the members of the Working Party