2,160 research outputs found
The Struggle For Judicial Independence in Antebellum North Carolina: The Story of Two Judges
On January 17, 2007, the Wayback Machine’s software crawler captured wikileaks.org for the first time. The crawler’s act of harvesting and documenting the Web meta-stored a developing site for “untraceable mass document leaking”—all in the form of an “anonymous global avenue for disseminating documents,” to quote the archived representational image of the site (Wayback Machine, 2007, para. 6). The initial WikiLeaks captures, and there were additional sweeps stored during the following months, vividly illustrate how WikiLeaks gradually developed into a site of global attention. The WikiLeaks logo, with its blue-green hourglass, was, for example, graphically present from the start, and later headings at the right were “news,” “FAQ,” “support,” “press,” and “links”—the latter directing users to various network services for anonymous data publication as i2P.net or Tor. Interestingly, links to the initial press coverage on Wikileaks are kept—which is not always the case at Wayback Machine—and can still be accessed. Apparently, one of the first online articles to mention what the site was about stated: “a new internet initiative called WikiLeaks seeks to promote good government and democratization by enabling anonymous disclosure and publication of confidential government records”
Josephson Junctions with a synthetic antiferromagnetic interlayer
We report measurements of the critical current vs. Co thickness in
Nb/Cu/Co/Ru/Co/Cu/Nb Josephson junctions, where the inner Co/Ru/Co trilayer is
a "synthetic antiferromagnet" with the magnetizations of the two Co layers
coupled antiparallel to each other via the 0.6 nm-thick Ru layer. Due to the
antiparallel magnetization alignment, the net intrinsic magnetic flux in the
junction is nearly zero, and such junctions exhibit excellent Fraunhofer
patterns in the critical current vs. applied magnetic field, even with total Co
thicknesses as large as 23 nm. There are no apparent oscillations in the
critical current vs. Co thickness, consistent with theoretical expectations for
this situation. The critical current of the junctions decays over 4 orders of
magnitude as the total Co thickness increases from 3 to 23 nm. These junctions
may serve as useful templates for future explorations of spin-triplet
superconducting correlations, which are predicted to occur in supercon-
ducting/ferromagnetic hybrid systems in the presence of certain types of
magnetic inhomogeneity.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Proximity-induced density-of-states oscillations in a superconductor/strong-ferromagnet system
We have measured the evolution of the tunneling density of states (DOS) in
superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) bilayers with increasing F-layer thickness,
where F in our experiment is the strong ferromagnet Ni. As a function of
increasing Ni thickness, we detect multiple oscillations in the DOS at the
Fermi energy from differential conductance measurements. The features in the
DOS associated with the proximity effect change from normal to inverted twice
as the Ni thickness increases from 1 to 5 nm.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Switching Current vs. Magnetoresistance in Magnetic Multilayer Nanopillars
We study current-driven magnetization switching in nanofabricated magnetic
trilayers, varying the magnetoresistance in three different ways. First, we
insert a strongly spin-scattering layer between the magnetic trilayer and one
of the electrodes, giving increased magnetoresistance. Second, we insert a
spacer with a short spin-diffusion length between the magnetic layers,
decreasing the magnetoresistance. Third, we vary the angle between layer
magnetizations. In all cases, we find an approximately linear dependence
between magnetoresistance and inverse switching current. We give a qualitative
explanation for the observed behaviors, and suggest some ways in which the
switching currents may be reduced.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure
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