Magnetic fabrics in characterization of magma emplacement and tectonic evolution of the Moyar Shear Zone, South India

AbstractThe Moyar Shear Zone (MSZ) of the South Indian granulite terrain hosts a prominent syenite pluton (∼560 Ma) and associated NW-SE to NE-SW trending mafic dyke swarm (∼65 Ma and 95 Ma). Preliminary magnetic fabric studies in the mafic dykes, using Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibly (AMS) studies at low-field, indicate successive emplacement and variable magma flow direction. Magnetic lineation and foliation in these dykes are identical to the mesoscopic fabrics in MSZ mylonites, indicating shear zone guided emplacement. Spatial distribution of magnetic lineation in the dykes suggests a common conduit from which the source magma has been migrated. The magnetic foliation trajectories have a sigmoidal shape to the north of the pluton and curve into the MSZ suggesting dextral sense of shear. Identical fabric conditions for magnetic fabrics in the syenite pluton and measured field fabrics in mylonite indicate syntectonic emplacement along the Proterozoic crustal scale dextral shear zone with repeated reactivation history

Electronic Payment Systems Influence In Retail Management System

Digital payment, often known as microelectronic compensation, is the process of transferring monetary value from one payment account to another using a digital device, such as a cell phone. An automatic compensation refers to a digital transaction that takes place between two parties.  The many forms of e-compensation include line and bank allocations, cards, mobile payments, and other methods.  Various factors can influence industries in determining the most effective type or types of automated payment systems for their merchants.   Numerical recompense facilities are platforms that facilitate transactions between two parties, the spender and the acceptor, using electronic means to exchange funds.   Electronic prices are increasing the accessibility of expenditure and financing.   Electronic payments are rapidly enhancing the efficiency of transactions.  The objective is to minimize the expenses and challenges associated with cash management, enhance the convenience of online transactions, and promote transparency in financial transactions between individuals.   The digital payment system is a significant factor in the rapidly expanding commercial landscape. The majority of organizations are actively engaging in digitalization.   The majority of significant company operations and transactions have transitioned into the era of digitalization.   The key objective of research is to analyses different modes of electronic payment systems, identify the factors influencing the adoption of robotic expense systems in retail operations, investigate the implementation and components of electronic payment in the city of Chennai, and assess the practices and preferences of respondents regarding payment methods, as well as the impact of electronic payment on retail operations.   The results indicate that electronic payment methods are beneficial for retail businesses

Identification of drought responsive genes in aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda.L)

Drought is a major constraint for attaining economic yield in tree crops. As an initial step to understand molecular response to water-deficit-stress in trees, gene expression in response to water stress was quantified using real-time RT-PCR. The specific objectives established for this to were I. to identify and characterize the genes induced by drought stress in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) and II to identify and quantify the differentially expressed genes in different populations of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda.L) due to water deficit (chapter III). Results of these studies may be used to identify candidate genes for future breeding programs against water-deficit-stress

Technical Efficiency of Freshwater Aquaculture and its Determinants in Tripura, India

Freshwater aquaculture is an important and promising sector of the economy of Tripura State. The biophysical potential for growth in freshwater aquaculture in the state is still far from exhaustion and a faster development is required to meet the growth in demand for fish. This paper has assessed the level of technical efficiency and its determinants of small-scale fish production in the West Tripura district of the state of Tripura, India. The study is based on the cross-sectional primary data collected from 101 fish farmers through a multi-stage random sampling method. The paper has employed stochastic production frontier approach, and has followed both one-stage and two-stage procedures to analyze the determinants of TE. The TE ranges between 0.21 and 0.96 with mean of 0.66 and median of 0.71. The study has revealed the Cobb-Douglas form of stochastic frontier production function is more dependable than that of translog form under the farming conditions in the West Tripura district of Tripura state. One-stage procedure with technical inefficiency model gives reliable estimates of coefficients of stochastic frontier production function than that of two-stage procedure. Seed quality has been found as an important determinant of TE. The study has suggested that the state government needs to play a role to ascertain the supply of quality fish fingerlings at adequate time and quantity to the farmers in the study area.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Free Vibration Analysis of Twisted Functionally Graded Material Plates

The present paper will explore the free vibration behavior of thin twisted functionally graded material (FGM) plates. The vibration analysis is done using finite element method. An 8 noded shell element is used for finite element calculations. To model the FGM section, continuous variation in the material property along the thickness is approximated to a laminated composite section consisting of a number of layers and each layer is considered as isotropic. The material property in each layer is determined using power law. Material density, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio change along the thickness based on power law. The first order shear deformation theory is used in the analysis of pretwisted FGM plate. Convergence of fundamental frequencies is observed, with an increase in mesh size and the number of layers in the thickness direction. To validate the finite element model, for different boundary conditions, the free vibration results are compared with analytical studies and experimental studies. Having fixed the mesh size and number of layers required to represent the material property variation along the depth, the changes in frequencies with variation in angle of twist and material property index is studied. The effect of geometric variables such as gradient index, aspect ratio, side to thickness ratio and angle of twist on the free vibration of cantilever twisted plates is studied. Temperature dependent material properties are considered as well as nonlinear material property variation along the thickness due to temperature. The influence of thermal gradient along the thickness direction on the free vibration of cantilever twisted plates is studied

Is locking compression plate the best modality of treatment for distal femur fractures?

Background: This observational study was conducted in order to study the functional efficacy of locking compression plate in distal femur fractures as they are one of the most common type of fractures with bimodal age distribution affecting younger age group as a consequence of high energy trauma especially road traffic accidents and elderly population due to osteoporosis.Methods: 40 Patients who are skeletally matured with acute distal femur fractures were radiologically assessed type of fractures, amount of comminution, articular congruence and quality of bone. pretested proforma which include age, sex, occupation, mode of injury, type of fracture, time interval between injury and surgery, associated comorbid conditions and other associated injuries.Results: Off the 40 patients under study 21 showed excellent outcome according to neers rating system and only 5 had fair results, 3 patients had superficial wound infection and 5 developed knee stiffness.Conclusions: Locking compression plate produces better results and appears to be good method of management in distal femur fractures

Ossicular Erosion in CSOM, Reconstructive Procedures and Outcome

BACKGROUND: CSOM cases are quite common in India. Daily we encounter numerous cases of CSOM in our outpatient department. During the surgical management of CSOM cases, we commonly come across different types of tympanic membrane perforation, ossicular defects as peroperative findings, different ossiculoplasty methods and postop audiological outcome. So I have selected this as my dissertation topic AIMS & OBJECTIVES: 1. To find the incidence of ossicular erosion in csom (mucosal and squamous). 2. To find the incidence of ossicular erosion with respect to each type of perforation of tympanic membrane. 3. To find the incidence of various type of perforation in cases of tubotympanic type of csom. 4. To study ossicular reconstructive procedures and its audiological outcome. 5. To use MERI score & OOPS index in csom cases and analyze the surgical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study, conducted in department of otorhinolaryngology, Tirunelveli medical college hospital, Tirunelveli, carried out during March 2013 to September 2014. Patients prepared for surgical management for chronic uppurative otitis media in the department of otorhinolaryngology, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, Tirunelveli during this study period 164 such patients are included in my study. The ears were examined by otoscopy initially and otoendoscope to establish a preoperative diagnosis of safe or unsafe disease. Per operatively, tympanic membrane findings and middle ear findings like granulations, ossicle status, ossicular mobility, middle ear mucosa, Eustachian tube, etc were noted. ossiculoplasty methods were noted and documented. Follow up otoscopic and audiological evaluation and documentation was done RESULT: Of 164 patients, 40.9% were males and 59.1% were females. 39% had right ear affected where as 40.9% had left ear affected. 20.1% presented with B/L CSOM. 90.85% cases were csom mucosal type and 6.09% were csom Squamous type. Among mucosal type, subtotal presentation was the most common presentation (43.2%). Incus (24.4%) was the most common ossicle found to be eroded. Erosion of ossicles were more common in squamous type. Cortical mastoidectomy with type 1 tympanoplasty was found to be the most common surgical management done in this study. It showed a mean improvement of hearing of 11.30db. In follow up, 86% cases had graft uptake and thus a successful surgery CONCLUSION: Incus is the most common ossicle to erode in csom cases. Csom squamous type causes more chances of ossicular erosion. Prevalence of csom mucosal type is more than squamous type. Subtotal perforation is the most common presentation in csom mucosal. ossicle erosion is more probable in cases with high MERI and OOPSI score

A Study on factors influencing the outcome of thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction

INTRODUCTION : Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a worldwide health epidemic. In the United States, for example, it is estimated that 13.7 million Americans have CHD, including more than 7.2 million individuals who already have had a myocardial infarction.1,2 From the 1960’s to the 1990’s the CAD prevalence increased two fold (from 2% to 4% )in rural India and three fold ( from 3.45 to 9.45%) in Urban India. The prevalence is even higher in South India (13% urban and 7% rural). In 1990, 25% deaths in India were attributable to cardiovascular disease compared to diarrheal disease ,12% due to respiratory infections and 5% due to tuberculosis47. In the group of persons older than 30 years of age, 213 per 100,000 individuals have CHD.1 Although agespecific events related to CHD have fallen dramatically in the last few decades, the overall prevalence has risen as populations age and patients survive the initial coronary or cardiovascular event . Worldwide 30 percent of all deaths can be attributed to cardiovascular disease of which more than half are caused by CAD. Coronary Heart disease has been defined as impairment of heart function due to inadequate blood flow to heart compared to its needs caused by obstructive changes in the coronary circulation to the heart. Thrombolytic therapy has been consistently proven to reduce the mortality and morbidity. Inspite of this it has been recognized that thrombolytic therapy has failed in significant population. There is lot of room for improvement. We need to identify the factors that are responsible for failure of thrombolysis. In this background we decided to look into our own patients who receive streptokinase for acute myocardial Infarction, in the coronary care unit of Coimbatore Medical College Hospital. AIM OF THE STUDY : 1. To find out the overall success rate of thrombolysis in coronary care unit of Coimbatore medical college hospital. 2. To find out whether the following parameters influence the outcome of thrombolysis. 1. Age, 2. Sex, 3. Pre-infarction angina, 4. Alcohol intake, 5. Smoking status, 6. Pre existing systemic hypertension, 7. Diabetes mellitus, 8. Type of Myocardial Infarction., 9. Time interval between the onset of pain and the initiation of thrombolytic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS : PLACE OF STUDY : This study was conducted in the coronary care unit of Coimbatore Medical College Hospital, Coimbatore. PERIOD OF STUDY : From MARCH 2009 – OCTOBER 2010. DESIGN : Observational prospective cohort study of patients receiving streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction. A total of 83 patients were included in the study. METHODOLOGY : Subject selection: 1. Inclusion criteria: a) Presence of typical chest pain suggestive of Acute myocardial infarction along with ECG evidence of acute myocardial infarction. Criteria for thrombolysis being 2mm or more ST elevation in two contiguous limb leads. b) Time window of 12 hrs from the onset of pain to the initiation of thrombolysis. 2. Exclusion criteria: a) Late thrombolysis (more than 12 hrs from the onset of pain). b) Recurrent myocardial infarction. c) Presence of bundle branch block. d) Development of pericarditis. RESULTS : A total of 83 patients were studied. Their age ranged from 34 – 76 years (mean 55.03 yrs).68 of them were males (82%) and 15 females (18%) 20 of them were hypertensives (24%). 44 people were smokers (53%) and 29 (59%) consumed alcohol. 23 patients experienced preinfarction angina (28%). 50 patients had anterior wall infarction (60%) and 33 patients (40%) had inferior infarction. CONCLUSION : 1. In this study the overall success rate of Thrombolysis was 53 %. 2. The outcome was worse in those who aged more than 60 years. But it was not statistically significant. 3. Gender was not found to influence the success rate of thrombolysis. 4. Pre infarction angina had no effect on the success rate of thrombolysis. 5. Better success rate has been seen in those consuming alcohol which was not statistically significant. 6. Smokers had a lesser success rate than non smokers but it did not reach any statistical significance. 7. Hypertensives did not show any difference with non hypertensives in the success rate. 8. Diabetics did not differ from non diabetics with respect to the success rate of thrombolysis. 9. Inferior wall myocardial infarction had a better success rate than anterior wall myocardial infarctions and was statistically significant. 10. Those who are having short window period had a better success rate after thrombolysis. Shorter the window period higher the success rate

BIODEGRADATION OF TOLUENE HYDROCARBON BY A PSEUDOMONAS SP. ISOLATED FROM GASOLINE CONTAMINATED SOIL

ABSTRACT: In the present study efforts were made to isolate and characterize bacteria capable of aerobic biodegradation of toluene hydrocarbon from gasoline polluted soil. After initial screening, 28 different strains were isolated from soil samples and the most promising strain was selected for toluene degradation study. Biochemical and morphological characterization classified the bacterial strains selected as Pseudomonas sp. and was designated Pseudomonas sp. SBCT-17. The spectrophotometric determination of toluene monoxygenase activity, using horseradish preoxydase (HRP) assay showed 0.248 U/ml enzyme activity at 420 nm. The results obtained from enzyme assay and FT-IR degradation analysis in this study confirms that the Pseudomonas sp. SBCT-17 is an efficient strain capable of biodegrading toluene hydrocarbon