Genetic Divergence Study in Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

The genetic divergence of forty bitter gourd genotypes was studied for sixteen different parameters by adopting Mahalanobis D2 statistics using Tocher's method. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters irrespective of geographic divergence, indicating no parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. A maximum of 32 genotypes entered in cluster I, followed by 4 genotypes in cluster II. The cluster III, IV, V and VI had single genotypes each. The maximum inter-cluster distance was obtained between cluster II and VI (1620.05) while minimum distance was between III and V (103.32). Cluster V followed by cluster VI showed superiority for yield and other desirable traits, which indicate the potentiality of these diverse genotype collection for providing basic material for future breeding programmes

Genetic Divergence Study in Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

The genetic divergence of forty bitter gourd genotypes was studied for sixteen different parameters by adopting Mahalanobis D2 statistics using Tocher's method. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters irrespective of geographic divergence, indicating no parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. A maximum of 32 genotypes entered in cluster I, followed by 4 genotypes in cluster II. The cluster III, IV, V and VI had single genotypes each. The maximum inter-cluster distance was obtained between cluster II and VI (1620.05) while minimum distance was between III and V (103.32). Cluster V followed by cluster VI showed superiority for yield and other desirable traits, which indicate the potentiality of these diverse genotype collection for providing basic material for future breeding programmes

Reliable Open Spectrum Communications Through Proactive Spectrum Access

Open Spectrum systems offer an attractive solution to the reuse of under-utilized licensed spectrum. Existing proposals take a reactive sense-and-avoid approach to impulsively reconfigure spectrum usage without any knowledge of future dynamics. We propose a proactive spectrum access approach where secondary users utilize past observations to build predictive models on spectrum availability, and intelligently plan channel usage to maximize utilization and minimize disruptions to primary users. Based on the characteristics of TV-broadcast, we develop a simple availability metric and apply a usability filter to eliminate unreliable channels with heavy and frequent appearance of primary users. Our experimental results show that the proactive approach can significantly reduce the number of disruptions. We also observe a clear tradeoff between the disruption rate and the throughput at secondary users. By varying the usability filter threshold, we can control this tradeoff according to the constraints of primary users and the application requirements at secondary users

Fruit and Vegetable Sales at City Municipal Markets, June, 1946

Abstract — Multihop wireless networks are ideal as infrastructures for location-aware network applications, particularly for disaster recovery operations. However, one missing component is an efficient and scalable distributed data location service. Existing approaches impose significant communication overhead on the underlying wireless layer and generally limit the total number of locatable objects in a network. To address this problem, we present the Integrated Data Location Protocol (IDLP), which provides scalable location of a large number of objects by integrating compressed summaries of object signatures into the routing layer. We evaluate our approach using extensive simulations in Qualnet, as well as detailed measurements from a deployed AODV-implementation on the UCSB MeshNet testbed. Results show that IDLP maintains low communication overhead while efficiently locating up to a hundred objects per node. I

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