Improving The Quality Of Manufacturing Products With The Application Of Lean Six-Sigma

Product quality is an important factor that underlies the consumer's decision to choose the desired product and service. Quality can initially be determined by the company, but in subsequent developments, quality planning must pay attention to the wants and needs of consumers. In providing excellent service to customers, the company needs to apply the concept of lean thinking, intending to reduce waste. A methodology is needed that can reduce product variations and production process errors with the Six Sigma methodology. The second application is often called Lean Six Sigma. This paper aims to improve the quality of fluid carrier tank products. The number of defective products, mainly on welding, cutting and bending process, so rework is needed that causes companies to suffer losses. The company expects to reduce product defects by less than 5%. The welding, cutting and bending process are the highest contributor to defective products, so that process improvement is limited to these processes. The process of welding, cutting and bending process is considered a major problem, so the main concern for quality improvement is for the main problem. Sigma, the initial welding, cutting and bending process in a sequence is quite good. The target to be achieved is to increase the sigma value of both processes. The alternative is chosen, namely creating and supervising SOPs, and training to improve the skills, knowledge, and abilities of each employee. These alternatives can increase the sigma value from the initial conditions from 2.93 to 3.20. The increase in sigma value indicates a decrease in the level of defects per million opportunities (DPMO).

Synthesis of Biobased Polyester Polyol through Esterification of Sorbitol with Azelaic Acid Catalyzed by Tin(II) Oxide: A Kinetic Modeling Study

A sustainable and renewable biobased polyester polyol for polyurethane production was synthesized through the esterification of azelaic acid and sorbitol catalyzed by tin(II) oxide in a batch system. The studies on chemical equilibrium, reaction kinetics and important operating parameters were carried out. The temperature, molar ratio of sorbitol to azelaic acid and catalyst loading were varied in order to determine the best reaction conditions. The polyester polyol synthesized was tested for its fatty acid content through titration. The best operating condition found was at reaction temperature of 433 K, sorbitol to azelaic acid molar ratio of 4:1 and catalyst loading of 2 wt %, yielding 72% azelaic acid conversion after 6 h of reaction. The presence of minute amount of sorbitan and isosorbide inferred the potential of sorbitol-based branched polyester formation with its backbone incorporated with these sorbitol anhydrides. The equilibrium study validated the endothermicity of the reaction. Meanwhile, the kinetic data well fitted to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood Hougen Watson (LHHW) model with the activation energy of 14.43 kJ/mol

Design and Construction of Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Waste Coconut Shell for the Isolation of Pyroligneous Acid

As a country with a large amount of natural resources, Indonesia should be able to convert this material into more value added product. However, most of the natural resources were sold as a raw material. Process system engineering research center is one of the solution to overcome this problem by developing an integrated and systematic technology. Through this research center, output of the research can be scaled up for large scale production and also can be commercialized to increase the community welfare. One of natural resources which has not been optimally utilized is waste coconut shell (WCS). Indonesia is the largest coconut producer in the world with areal production of 3.88 ha and 3.2 million ton of coconut products. Several problems arefacedbycoconutagroindustry,i.e.thelackofcoconutbasedproductdiversification and also the large number of WCS. WCS is one of organic waste, however it is quite hard to be decomposed by the microorganism due to its hard texture. This problem may gave high potential in the environmental pollution. In this research, WCS is going to be used as a raw material for pyroligneous acid through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a method that is usually used to convert a biomass waste sources into a valuable product through thermal decomposition process without the presence of oxygen. This process will produce solid (char), liquid (bio-oil, tar and pyroligneous acid) and gas. Pyroligneous acid is commonly obtained as a side product from the production of active carbon and to date it has not been utilized economically. In the other hand, pyroligneous acid can be used as an anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-biofilm and also as an anti inflammatory. This properties are available due to the presence of organic matter and phenolic compound in the pyroligneous acid. This characteristics showedthatpyroligneousacidishighlypotentialasrawmaterialindrugsandpharmacy industries. Pyrolysis process requires high temperature which has range between 500 – 600 ∘C. In this paper, it will be discussed a pyrolysis equipment design and productionofpyroligneousacidfromWCSbyusingmicrowave-assistedpyrolysis(MAP).     Keywords: Coconut Shel, Pyroligneous Acid, Pyrolysis, Microwave, Pharmac

Production of hydrocarbon based solvent with low aromatic content using ASPEN Plus

The solvent is a liquid that can dissolve or extract specific materials. Solvents are needed for most chemical transformations to increase contact between reagents and catalysts. It also holds an important role in many studies, industrial chemical processes, coatings, and formulations of consumer products, however, most of the hydrocarbon-based solvents based still contain high aromatic content of benzene, toluene, and xylene which are carcinogenic chemicals. The separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from a mixture of C4-C10 aliphatic hydrocarbons is a complex process, due to its close boiling points and some combinations can form azeotropes. The general distillation process is not the right choice for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from a mixture of C4-C10 aliphatic hydrocarbons. Possible processes are liquid-liquid extraction, extractive distillation, and azeotropic distillation. In this study, extractive distillation using ASPEN Plus was performed to simulate the process. The crude feed composition used contains 77.13% aromatic compounds so that the separation technology used uses the extractive distillation process using sulfolane as a solvent. The variables used are the ratio of the crude feed to sulfolane (1:10, 1:15, 1:20), the number of stages (30, 40, 50), feed stage (15,20,25). Based on the simulation results, the best result was obtained by using the ratio of the crude feed to sulfolane of 1:10, with the number of stages 30, and the feed stage on the 25th stage