Power Consumption Analysis, Measurement, Management, and Issues:A State-of-the-Art Review of Smartphone Battery and Energy Usage

The advancement and popularity of smartphones have made it an essential and all-purpose device. But lack of advancement in battery technology has held back its optimum potential. Therefore, considering its scarcity, optimal use and efficient management of energy are crucial in a smartphone. For that, a fair understanding of a smartphone's energy consumption factors is necessary for both users and device manufacturers, along with other stakeholders in the smartphone ecosystem. It is important to assess how much of the device's energy is consumed by which components and under what circumstances. This paper provides a generalized, but detailed analysis of the power consumption causes (internal and external) of a smartphone and also offers suggestive measures to minimize the consumption for each factor. The main contribution of this paper is four comprehensive literature reviews on: 1) smartphone's power consumption assessment and estimation (including power consumption analysis and modelling); 2) power consumption management for smartphones (including energy-saving methods and techniques); 3) state-of-the-art of the research and commercial developments of smartphone batteries (including alternative power sources); and 4) mitigating the hazardous issues of smartphones' batteries (with a details explanation of the issues). The research works are further subcategorized based on different research and solution approaches. A good number of recent empirical research works are considered for this comprehensive review, and each of them is succinctly analysed and discussed

Stress analysis and Design Optimization of Piston Slipper assembly in an Axial Piston Pump

318-323The amount of research carried out on piston assemblies of axial piston pump is a good indication of the problems which have been encountered. Fortunately this is one branch of engineering where research is usually well ahead of production failures. A representative domain for the high development of the axial piston pumps manufacturing is the aeronautics. In this industrial branch, light hydraulic transmissions that operate in very safe conditions are required. The mass reduction must be done according to an optimal design of the machines geometry, taking into account the static and dynamic stress and deflection states of the mechanical components. In this paper, a steady state stress analysis and also an optimization of the piston slipper assembly has been carried out by using ANSYS software. Optimization is done using Sub-problem approximation method where the main objective is to minimize the volume of the piston and slipper. Dimensions of the assembly are taken from SPV 22 axial piston pump, made by ZTS Company. This optimization technique minimizes the volume of the piston and also slipper. The paper concludes with the Comparison of the piston and slipper dimensions before and after optimization

Performance prediction of Centrifugal Pumps with variations of blade number

373-378Centrifugal pumps are used extensively for hydraulic transportation of liquids over short to medium distance through pipelines where the requirements of head and discharge are moderate. At present, the influence of blade number on inner flow field and the characteristics of centrifugal pump have not been understood completely. The use of numerical analysis tools allow us to obtain data in inaccessible positions for the experimentations. In this paper, a two dimensional numerical study of steady, static pressure distribution and incompressible flow characteristics inside the passage with different numbers of blades of centrifugal pump impeller has been carried out. The investigation focuses mainly on the efficiency of the pump. Centrifugal pumps with impeller blades 5, 6 and 7 have been modeled and its efficiency at 3000 rpm is evaluated by FLUENT 6.3 software. The numerical analysis displays that with the increase of blade number, the head and static pressure of the model increases, but the efficiency of centrifugal pump varies with number of blades and shows maximum for 7 number of blade

A Comparative Analysis of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Resource Selection in Mobile Crowd Computing

In mobile crowd computing (MCC), smart mobile devices (SMDs) are utilized as computing resources. To achieve satisfactory performance and quality of service, selecting the most suitable resources (SMDs) is crucial. The selection is generally made based on the computing capability of an SMD, which is defined by its various fixed and variable resource parameters. As the selection is made on different criteria of varying significance, the resource selection problem can be duly represented as an MCDM problem. However, for the real-time implementation of MCC and considering its dynamicity, the resource selection algorithm should be time-efficient. In this paper, we aim to find out a suitable MCDM method for resource selection in such a dynamic and time-constraint environment. For this, we present a comparative analysis of various MCDM methods under asymmetric conditions with varying selection criteria and alternative sets. Various datasets of different sizes are used for evaluation. We execute each program on a Windows-based laptop and also on an Android-based smartphone to assess average runtimes. Besides time complexity analysis, we perform sensitivity analysis and ranking order comparison to check the correctness, stability, and reliability of the rankings generated by each method

Optical coherence tomography findings in patients of parkinson's disease: An Indian perspective

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders and its incidence is increasing worldwide along with population aging. Previous clinical and histologic studies suggest that the neurodegenerative process, which affects the brain, may also affect the retina of PD patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the thickness changes of retina nerve fibers and macular volume with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in PD patients. Materials and Methods: The spectral domain OCT was used to assess the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular volume from 34 PD patients and 50 healthy age-matched controls. Results: Compared with healthy age-matched controls, the RNFL thickness of PD patients was much thinner (P < 0.05) in all retinal quadrants, with temporal thinning being more than nasal thinning. Macular volumes were diminished in both perifoveal and outer macular regions in all sectors (P < 0.05) with preserved foveal volume. The degree of tissue loss corroborated with the severity of disease as objectively assessed by standardized rating scales (UPDRS). Conclusion: There is generalized retinal nerve degeneration in patients of PD and the degree of loss correlated with the severity and duration of disease

Proximate composition of nutritional value in <i>Vespa affinis</i> L. values were expressed per 100 g of pupae.

<p>Proximate composition of nutritional value in <i>Vespa affinis</i> L. values were expressed per 100 g of pupae.</p

Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of AEVA.

<p>Curve is obtained by plotting various concentrations of AEVA (1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 μg/μL) against percent inhibition. “#” indicates the optimum concentration of AEVA at which it exhibits maximum inhibition. Values are mean ± SE (n = 4).</p

Flow diagram showing antioxidant potential of <i>Vespa affinis</i> L.

<p>Flow diagram showing antioxidant potential of <i>Vespa affinis</i> L.</p