Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor of the mesorectum: a rare case and review of literature

Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) is a rare tumor of uncertain tissue origin. Although it has been classified as a benign tumor under the WHO classification, it is locally aggressive, and multiple recurrences have been reported. PHAT commonly involves the lower extremities; however, various unusual sites of origin have been reported. We present the case of a 30-year-old female with dysmenorrhea, who presented a presacral mass on imaging. The core biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PHAT. She underwent laparotomy and excision. Histopathology confirmed the presence of a tumor comprised of aggregates of ectatic vessels with perivascular hyalinization. An immunohistochemical study showed diffuse CD34 positivity, but S100, MDM2, and smooth muscle actin negativity. After surgical procedures, the patient is disease free as at the 12-month follow-up. Only 120 cases have been published in the English literature to date. Our study is only the third case of PHAT arising from the pelvis to be reported. Though considered to be a rare condition, the diagnosis of PHAT should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of well-defined hypervascular soft tissue mass in the pelvis. The typical histopathological findings along with immunohistochemistry should clinch the diagnosis

Finite Element Analysis of Connecting Rod of IC Engine

A connecting rod of IC engine is subjected to complex dynamic loading conditions. Therefore it is a critical machine element which attracts researchers’ attention. This paper aims at development of simple 3D model, finite element analyses and the optimization by intuition of the connecting rod for robust design. In this study the detailed load analysis under in-service loading conditions was performed for a typical connecting rod. The CAD model was prepared taking the detailed dimensions from a standard machine drawing text book. Based on the gas pressure variation in the cylinder of an IC engine, the piston forces were calculated for critical positions. MATLAB codes were written for this calculation. Altair Hypermesh and Hyperview were used for pre-processing and post-processing of the model respectively. The finite element analyses were performed using Altair Radioss. The results obtained were compared to a case study for the field failure of the connecting rod. By comparing the induced stress result with the yield strength of the material, the component was redesigned. This was done to save some mass keeping in mind that the induced stress value should be well below the yield strength of the material. The optimized connecting rod is 11.3% lighter than the original design

Finite Element Analysis of Connecting Rod of IC Engine

A connecting rod of IC engine is subjected to complex dynamic loading conditions. Therefore it is a critical machine element which attracts researchers’ attention. This paper aims at development of simple 3D model, finite element analyses and the optimization by intuition of the connecting rod for robust design. In this study the detailed load analysis under in-service loading conditions was performed for a typical connecting rod. The CAD model was prepared taking the detailed dimensions from a standard machine drawing text book. Based on the gas pressure variation in the cylinder of an IC engine, the piston forces were calculated for critical positions. MATLAB codes were written for this calculation. Altair Hypermesh and Hyperview were used for pre-processing and post-processing of the model respectively. The finite element analyses were performed using Altair Radioss. The results obtained were compared to a case study for the field failure of the connecting rod. By comparing the induced stress result with the yield strength of the material, the component was redesigned. This was done to save some mass keeping in mind that the induced stress value should be well below the yield strength of the material. The optimized connecting rod is 11.3% lighter than the original design

Design and Analysis of Gravity Roller Conveyor System for Moped Engine Assembly Line

In the manufacturing industry, raw materials need to be transported from one manufacturing stage to another. Material coping with system’s are designed such that they facilitate clean, speedy and secure loading and unloading. For instance roller conveyor machine can be hired for clean and secure coping with of materials. The goal of the venture is to design a gravity roller conveyor device in moped engine meeting line of vehicles Production Company. The existing conveyor system was studied thoroughly and its drawbacks were analyzed. Gravity roller conveyor system is designed to minimize the overall cycle time of the process and make the process to complete in one single stroke. Each and every components of the conveyor system is designed considering their functionality. Detailed drawing is also prepared using solid works. Geometrical model of each components including assembly of the same were generated in solid works. Linear static analysis, contact stress analysis, model analysis and life estimation and life estimation were carried out in ANSYS with proper loading and boundary condition

Finite Element Analysis of Connecting Rod of IC Engine

A connecting rod of IC engine is subjected to complex dynamic loading conditions. Therefore it is a critical machine element which attracts researchers’ attention. This paper aims at development of simple 3D model, finite element analyses and the optimization by intuition of the connecting rod for robust design. In this study the detailed load analysis under in-service loading conditions was performed for a typical connecting rod. The CAD model was prepared taking the detailed dimensions from a standard machine drawing text book. Based on the gas pressure variation in the cylinder of an IC engine, the piston forces were calculated for critical positions. MATLAB codes were written for this calculation. Altair Hypermesh and Hyperview were used for pre-processing and post-processing of the model respectively. The finite element analyses were performed using Altair Radioss. The results obtained were compared to a case study for the field failure of the connecting rod. By comparing the induced stress result with the yield strength of the material, the component was redesigned. This was done to save some mass keeping in mind that the induced stress value should be well below the yield strength of the material. The optimized connecting rod is 11.3% lighter than the original design

Fabrication and Experimentation of a Cantilever Beam Based Piezoelectric Actuator and Sensor for Vibration Energy Harvesting

In the immediate surroundings of our daily life, we can find a lot of places where the energy in the form of vibration is being wasted. Therefore, we have enormous opportunities to utilize the same. Piezoelectric character of matter enables us to convert this mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy which can be stored and used to power other device, instead of being wasted. This work is done to realize both actuator and sensor in a cantilever beam based on piezoelectricity. The sensor part is called vibration energy harvester. The numerical analyses were performed for the cantilever beam using the commercial package ANSYS and MATLAB. The cantilever beam is realized by taking a plate and fixing its one end between two massive plates. Two PZT patches were glued to the beam on its two faces. Experiments were performed using data acquisition system (DAQ) and LABVIEW software for actuating and sensing the vibration of the cantilever beam

Phosphorus sorption behaviour of the largest brackish water lagoon, South Asia

Not AvailableThe Chilika Lagoon is the largest brackish water ecosystem in the Asian continent and is a Ramsar site. Here, the sorption–desorption study was standardized simulating the environmental condition of the Chilika, to ascertain whether phosphorus (P) is the source or sink for sediments of the coastal ecosystem. The sorption behaviour of sediment phosphorus was better fitting into the modified Langmuir model. The effects of salinity, pH, and temperature on phosphorus sorption were found to be better understood by nonlinear relationships. The sorption was recorded to increase at its lower concentrations with increasing of mentioned parameters, when it decreased beyond some threshold values. The maximum phosphorus sorption capacity (Qmax) was more (258 mg/kg) in the freshwater stretch of the lagoon; Northern Sector compared to the relatively saline stretches, i.e., Outer Channel (219 mg/kg) and Southern Sector (237 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). This study will help to control eutrophication by increasing P sorption.Not Availabl

Unveiling the Genetic Symphony: Harnessing CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Effective Insect Pest Management

Phytophagous insects pose a significant threat to global crop yield and food security. The need for increased agricultural output while reducing dependence on harmful synthetic insecticides necessitates the implementation of innovative methods. The utilization of CRISPR-Cas (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology to develop insect pest-resistant plants is believed to be a highly effective approach in reducing production expenses and enhancing the profitability of farms. Insect genome research provides vital insights into gene functions, allowing for a better knowledge of insect biology, adaptability, and the development of targeted pest management and disease prevention measures. The CRISPR-Cas gene editing technique has the capability to modify the DNA of insects, either to trigger a gene drive or to overcome their resistance to specific insecticides. The advancements in CRISPR technology and its various applications have shown potential in developing insect-resistant varieties of plants and other strategies for effective pest management through a sustainable approach. This could have significant consequences for ensuring food security. This approach involves using genome editing to create modified insects or crop plants. The article critically analyzed and discussed the potential and challenges associated with exploring and utilizing CRISPR-Cas technology for reducing insect pest pressure in crop plants

Underutilized legumes: nutrient status and advanced breeding approaches for qualitative and quantitative enhancement

Underutilized/orphan legumes provide food and nutritional security to resource-poor rural populations during periods of drought and extreme hunger, thus, saving millions of lives. The Leguminaceae, which is the third largest flowering plant family, has approximately 650 genera and 20,000 species and are distributed globally. There are various protein-rich accessible and edible legumes, such as soybean, cowpea, and others; nevertheless, their consumption rate is far higher than production, owing to ever-increasing demand. The growing global urge to switch from an animal-based protein diet to a vegetarian-based protein diet has also accelerated their demand. In this context, underutilized legumes offer significant potential for food security, nutritional requirements, and agricultural development. Many of the known legumes like Mucuna spp., Canavalia spp., Sesbania spp., Phaseolus spp., and others are reported to contain comparable amounts of protein, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), dietary fiber, essential minerals and vitamins along with other bioactive compounds. Keeping this in mind, the current review focuses on the potential of discovering underutilized legumes as a source of food, feed and pharmaceutically valuable chemicals, in order to provide baseline data for addressing malnutrition-related problems and sustaining pulse needs across the globe. There is a scarcity of information about underutilized legumes and is restricted to specific geographical zones with local or traditional significance. Around 700 genera and 20,000 species remain for domestication, improvement, and mainstreaming. Significant efforts in research, breeding, and development are required to transform existing local landraces of carefully selected, promising crops into types with broad adaptability and economic viability. Different breeding efforts and the use of biotechnological methods such as micro-propagation, molecular markers research and genetic transformation for the development of underutilized crops are offered to popularize lesser-known legume crops and help farmers diversify their agricultural systems and boost their profitability

Effects of community youth teams facilitating participatory adolescent groups, youth leadership activities and livelihood promotion to improve school attendance, dietary diversity and mental health among adolescent girls in rural eastern India (JIAH trial):A cluster-randomised controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether and how community youth teams facilitating participatory adolescent groups, youth leadership and livelihood promotion improved school attendance, dietary diversity, and mental health among adolescent girls in rural India. DESIGN: A parallel group, two-arm, superiority, cluster-randomised controlled trial with an embedded process evaluation. SETTING, INTERVENTION AND PARTICIPANTS: 38 clusters (19 intervention, 19 control) in West Singhbhum district in Jharkhand, India. The intervention included participatory adolescent groups and youth leadership for boys and girls aged 10–19 (intervention clusters only), and family-based livelihood promotion (intervention and control clusters) between June 2017 and March 2020. We surveyed 3324 adolescent girls aged 10–19 in 38 clusters at baseline, and 1478 in 29 clusters at endline. Four intervention and five control clusters were lost to follow up when the trial was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescent boys were included in the process evaluation only. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary: school attendance, dietary diversity, and mental health; 12 secondary outcomes related to education, empowerment, experiences of violence, and sexual and reproductive health. RESULTS: In intervention vs control clusters, mean dietary diversity score was 4·0 (SD 1·5) vs 3·6 (SD 1·2) (adjDiff 0·34; 95%CI -0·23, 0·93, p = 0·242); mean Brief Problem Monitor-Youth (mental health) score was 12·5 (SD 6·0) vs 11·9 (SD 5·9) (adjDiff 0·02, 95%CI -0·06, 0·13, p = 0·610); and school enrolment rates were 70% vs 63% (adjOR 1·39, 95%CI 0·89, 2·16, p = 0·142). Uptake of school-based entitlements was higher in intervention clusters (adjOR 2·01; 95%CI 1·11, 3·64, p = 0·020). Qualitative data showed that the community youth team had helped adolescents and their parents navigate school bureaucracy, facilitated re-enrolments, and supported access to entitlements. Overall intervention delivery was feasible, but positive impacts were likely undermined by household poverty. CONCLUSIONS: Participatory adolescent groups, leadership training and livelihood promotion delivered by a community youth team did not improve adolescent girls’ mental health, dietary diversity, or school attendance in rural India, but may have increased uptake of education-related entitlements. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN1720601