Multi-source Multimodal Data and Deep Learning for Disaster Response: A Systematic Review.

Mechanisms for sharing information in a disaster situation have drastically changed due to new technological innovations throughout the world. The use of social media applications and collaborative technologies for information sharing have become increasingly popular. With these advancements, the amount of data collected increases daily in different modalities, such as text, audio, video, and images. However, to date, practical Disaster Response (DR) activities are mostly depended on textual information, such as situation reports and email content, and the benefit of other media is often not realised. Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have recently demonstrated promising results in extracting knowledge from multiple modalities of data, but the use of DL approaches for DR tasks has thus far mostly been pursued in an academic context. This paper conducts a systematic review of 83 articles to identify the successes, current and future challenges, and opportunities in using DL for DR tasks. Our analysis is centred around the components of learning, a set of aspects that govern the application of Machine learning (ML) for a given problem domain. A flowchart and guidance for future research are developed as an outcome of the analysis to ensure the benefits of DL for DR activities are utilized.Publishe

Prescribing pattern of antibiotics in pediatric department of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Prescription is an order from doctor for medicine. Rational use of medicines requires that "patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community". Irrational use of medicines is a major problem worldwide. This leads to serious morbidity and mortality also leads to reduction in the quality of treatment due to antibiotic resistance. Evaluation of prescribing pattern will help in minimizing adverse drug reactions, resistance among children. Also help to know the attitude of the physicians towards prescribing. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prescription pattern of antibiotics in paediatric inpatients of Hassan institute of Medical Sciences.Methods: A prospective study, conducted among 110 patients below the age of 18 years and being treated with antibiotics were included in our study. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Out of 110 patients, female (58) and male (52) are enrolled in the study from inpatient paediatrics department, majority of patients belonged to age group of 0-5 years (74%), respiratory tract infections 29 (35%) , gastrointestinal infections 26 (22%) and central nervous system in 9 (11%). Out of 227 antimicrobial agent, about 83.48% were cephalosporins, followed by ciprofloxicin (33.94%), amoxicillin (32.11%), and amikacin (6.42%).Conclusions: Cephalosporins (ceftriaxone) were most commonly used antibiotic, which covers gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic organism

Fabrication, Mechanical and Wear Properties of Aluminum (Al6061)-Silicon Carbide-Graphite Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

In recent times, the use of aluminum alloy-based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCs) is being increased in aerospace and automotive applications. HMMCs compensate for the low desirable properties of each filler used. However, the mechanical properties of HMMCs are not well understood. In particular, microstructural investigations and wear optimization studies of HMMCs are not clear. Therefore, further studies are required. The present study is aimed at fabricating and mechanical and wear characterizing and microstructure investigating of Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Graphite (Gr) added in Aluminum (Al) alloy Al6061 HMMCs. The addition of SiC particles was in the range from 0 to 9 weight percentage (wt.%) in steps of 3, along with the addition of 1 wt.% Gr in powder form. The presence of alloying elements in the Al6061 alloy was identified using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The dispersion of SiC and Gr particles in the alloy was investigated using metallurgical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The gain in strength can be attributed to the growth in dislocation density. The nature of fracture was quasi-cleavage. The microstructure examination reveals the uniform dispersion of the reinforcement. Density, hardness, and Ultimate Tensile Strength values observed to be increased with increased contents of SiC reinforcement. Besides, wear studies were performed in dry sliding conditions. Optimization studies were performed to investigate the effect of parameters that affecting the wear. The sliding wear resistance was noticed to be improved concerning higher amounts of reinforcement leading to a decrease in delamination and adhesive wear. The predicted values for the wear rate have also been compared with the experimental results and good correlation is obtained

Particle Motion and Electromagnetic Fields of Rotating Compact Gravitating Objects with Gravitomagnetic Charge

The exact solution for the electromagnetic field occuring when the Kerr-Taub-NUT compact object is immersed (i) in an originally uniform magnetic field aligned along the axis of axial symmetry (ii) in dipolar magnetic field generated by current loop has been investigated. Effective potential of motion of charged test particle around Kerr-Taub-NUT gravitational source immersed in magnetic field with different values of external magnetic field and NUT parameter has been also investigated. In both cases presence of NUT parameter and magnetic field shifts stable circular orbits in the direction of the central gravitating object. Finally we find analytical solutions of Maxwell equations in the external background spacetime of a slowly rotating magnetized NUT star. The star is considered isolated and in vacuum, with monopolar configuration model for the stellar magnetic field.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, new results in section 2 added, section 3 is revised, 3 references are adde

Non-minimal coupling for the gravitational and electromagnetic fields: A general system of equations

We establish a new self-consistent system of equations for the gravitational and electromagnetic fields. The procedure is based on a non-minimal non-linear extension of the standard Einstein-Hilbert-Maxwell action. General properties of a three-parameter family of non-minimal linear models are discussed. In addition, we show explicitly, that a static spherically symmetric charged object can be described by a non-minimal model, second order in the derivatives of the metric, when the susceptibility tensor is proportional to the double-dual Riemann tensorComment: 15 page

Magnetic Fields of Spherical Compact Stars in Braneworld

We study the dipolar magnetic field configuration in dependence on brane tension and present solutions of Maxwell equations in the internal and external background spacetime of a magnetized spherical star in a Randall-Sundrum II type braneworld. The star is modelled as sphere consisting of perfect highly magnetized fluid with infinite conductivity and frozen-in dipolar magnetic field. With respect to solutions for magnetic fields found in the Schwarzschild spacetime brane tension introduces enhancing corrections both to the interior and the exterior magnetic field. These corrections could be relevant for the magnetic fields of magnetized compact objects as pulsars and magnetars and may provide the observational evidence for the brane tension through the modification of formula for magneto-dipolar emission which gives amplification of electromagnetic energy loss up to few orders depending on the value of the brane tension.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Assessment of intuitiveness and comfort of wearable haptic feedback strategies for assisting level and stair walking

Nowadays, lower-limb prostheses are reaching real-world usability especially on ground-level walking. However, some key tasks such as stair walking are still quite demanding. Providing haptic feedback about the foot placement on the steps might reduce the cognitive load of the task, compensating for increased dependency on vision and lessen the risk of falling. Experiments on intact subjects can be useful to define the feedback strategies prior to clinical trials, but effective methods to assess the efficacy of the strategies are few and usually rely on the emulation of the disability condition. The present study reports on the design and testing of a wearable haptic feedback system in a protocol involving intact subjects to assess candidate strategies to be adopted in clinical trials. The system integrated a sensorized insole wirelessly connected to a textile waist belt equipped with three vibrating motors. Three stimulation strategies for mapping the insole pressure data to vibrotactile feedback were implemented and compared in terms of intuitiveness and comfort perceived during level and stair walking. The strategies were ranked using a relative rating approach, which highlighted the differences between them and suggested guidelines for their improvement. The feedback evaluation procedure proposed could facilitate the selection and improvement of haptic feedback strategies prior to clinical testing

Black holes with current loops revisited

The electromagnetic field around a Kerr black hole inside a current loop is sometimes used as the basis of a toy model for discussing the properties of particle orbits near astrophysical black holes. The motivation for the present paper is to correct the published solution to Maxwell's equations with a charged current loop. Dipole approximations and closed-form expressions in the extreme Kerr limit are also presented. Using the corrected solution, it turns out that imposing a vanishing electromotive force produces a loop with a potential which is finite everywhere outside the black hole. Ring solutions can be combined into solutions with multiple rings or current discs.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. v2: 3 new references, revisions in Sect.

Reissner Nordstr\"{o}m Background Metric in Dynamical Co-ordinates: Exceptional Behaviour of Hadamard States

We cast the Reissner Nordstrom solution in a particular co-ordinate system which shows dynamical evolution from initial data. The initial data for the $E<M$ case is regular. This procedure enables us to treat the metric as a collapse to a singularity. It also implies that one may assume Wald axioms to be valid globally in the Cauchy development, especially when Hadamard states are chosen. We can thus compare the semiclassical behaviour with spherical dust case, looking upon the metric as well as state specific information as evolution from initial data. We first recover the divergence on the Cauchy horizon obtained earlier. We point out that the semiclassical domain extends right upto the Cauchy horizon. This is different from the spherical dust case where the quantum gravity domain sets in before. We also find that the backreaction is not negligible near the central singularity, unlike the dust case. Apart from these differences, the Reissner Nordstrom solution has a similarity with dust in that it is stable over a considerable period of time. The features appearing dust collapse mentioned above were suggested to be generally applicable within spherical symmetry. Reissner Nordstrom background (along with the quantum state) generated from initial data, is shown not to reproduce them

Giant axonal neuropathy–associated gigaxonin mutations impair intermediate filament protein degradation

Author Posting. © American Society for Clinical Investigation, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Society for Clinical Investigation for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Clinical Investigation 123 (2013): 1964–1975, doi:10.1172/JCI66387.Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is an early-onset neurological disorder caused by mutations in the GAN gene (encoding for gigaxonin), which is predicted to be an E3 ligase adaptor. In GAN, aggregates of intermediate filaments (IFs) represent the main pathological feature detected in neurons and other cell types, including patients’ dermal fibroblasts. The molecular mechanism by which these mutations cause IFs to aggregate is unknown. Using fibroblasts from patients and normal individuals, as well as Gan–/– mice, we demonstrated that gigaxonin was responsible for the degradation of vimentin IFs. Gigaxonin was similarly involved in the degradation of peripherin and neurofilament IF proteins in neurons. Furthermore, proteasome inhibition by MG-132 reversed the clearance of IF proteins in cells overexpressing gigaxonin, demonstrating the involvement of the proteasomal degradation pathway. Together, these findings identify gigaxonin as a major factor in the degradation of cytoskeletal IFs and provide an explanation for IF aggregate accumulation, the subcellular hallmark of this devastating human disease.This work was supported by NIH grants 1P01GM096971 (to R.D. Goldman) and R01 NS062051 (to P. Opal) and a grant from Hannah’s Hope Fund (to R.D. Goldman and P. Opal)