Ganglioneuroma Always A Histopathological Diagnosis

Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma arise from sympathetic tissue in the neck, posterior mediastinum, adrenal gland, retroperitoneum and pelvis Ganglioneuromas are commonly seen in childhood. They are highly differentiated benign tumors and are compatible with long-term disease free survival. Retroperitoneal localization is relatively frequent for these tumors. Due to its rarity and lack of specific radiological findings diagnosis is always postoperative. Here, we present a case of Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma which was undiagnosed before surgery

Evaluation of analgesic activity of levofloxacin in adult albino rats

Background: Levofloxacin is a fluorinated quinolone antimicrobial used in the treatment of various bacterial infections and was active against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Levofloxacin is an optically active isomer of ofloxacin. Apart from its antibacterial action, it also exhibit antinociceptive properties. This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the analgesic activity of Levofloxacin in albino rat in comparison with aspirin.Methods: Thirty adult albino rats weighing 150-250 gm were obtained from central animal house. The animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as control received normal feed and water. Group II served as standard received tablet aspirin 100 mg/kg (oral) and Group III, IV, V served as test T1, T2, T3 and received tablet levofloxacin 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg (oral), respectively. The analgesic effect of levofloxacin was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate and tail flick methods and compared with standard analgesic aspirin. The values obtained were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analysis of difference between groups were carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Probability p<0.05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.Results: Levofloxacin at 40 mg/kg showed statistically (p<0.05) elevation in pain threshold and a higher antinociceptive activity in comparison to control and standard groups.Conclusions: In the present study, levofloxacin has showed promising results as an analgesic when compared to the control and standard groups. It may be a lead compound for identifying newer adjuvant analgesic agents

Aggressiveness of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates on Tomato

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the world&rsquo;s most economically important destructive disease of crop plants. Fifty seven isolates of R. solanacearum causing wilt on different host plants were collected from different agro climatic zones of India of which 54 isolates were confirmed as race-1, biovar-3 and 3 isolates as race-1, biovar-3B based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathogenicity studies. All the isolates were authenticated as Ralstonia solanacearum by using two sets of primers (OLI1 &amp; Y2 and Y1 &amp; Y2). Serological identity of the isolates was done by using diagnostic kit obtained from International Potato Research Center, Lima, Peru and single chain variable fragment antibody specific to Ralstonia solanacearum. Fifty seven isolates of R. solanacearum were inoculated on tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L) cv. Avinash-II under artificial conditions at bacterial concentration of 5x108 cfu/ml to test its aggressiveness; the results obtained are discussed in this paper

Analysis of Platelet Clumping in Portal Hypertension

AIM AND OBJECTIVES : 1. Study of the difference between manual and coulter platelet counts in study subjects, 2. Study of platelet clumping and immature platelet fraction, 3. To analyze the impact of thrombocytopenia and of von Willebrand factor (vWf) levels on survival in patients with acute-on-chronic liver cell failure (ACLF). METHODOLOGY : Chronic liver disease (CLD) was diagnosed based on history, investigations & imaging and PHT was diagnosed by gastroscopy. Those with cryptogenic CLD were recruited as cases and those with hepatitis HBV/HCV CLD, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), aplastic anemia and constitutional macrothrombocytopenia and healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Platelet counts were done manually and by coulter method using both EDTA and citrated blood samples. Mean platelet volume (MPV) was estimated. Platelet clumping was also looked for. IPF was also measured in the study group. Corrected difference in platelet count was calculated using the formula (CDPC=manual count-coulter count/coulter count). Plasma vWf Ag and activity was measured using EIA in patients with ACLF as per Asia Pacific Association for the Study of Liver criteria RESULTS : 50 cases [age 45 (10-73) years; median (range)], 44 HBV/HCV related CLD [age 46 (23-74) years], 13 patients with EHPVO [age 29 (13-55) years], 20 healthy controls [age 32 (21-63) years], 39 patients with ITP/aplastic anemia [age 34 (6-69) years] and 20 with CMT [age 49 (22-68) years were included to study platelet count difference. Higher mean platelet volume was noted in the study group and was significantly higher in cases compared to healthy controls [10 (7-16) fl Vs 8.7 (6.9-14.2)fl; p 0.001]. CDPC was significantly higher in cases compared to healthy controls [0.331 (-0.22-2.0) Vs 0.091 (-0.13-0.52); p 0.002]. 23 cryptogenic CLD, 14 hepatitis B or C related CLD and 19 healthy controls were included to study IPF. IPF [6.3 (1.2-28.3%) Vs 3.1 (0.8-6.1%); p 0.002] was significantly higher in cases in comparison to controls. There was a strong significant positive correlation (r 0.640; p <0.001) between MPV and IPF. 50 patients with ACLF [Age 43(28-64) years] were included in this study. In hospital mortality was 42%. Patients who had adverse outcome had significantly higher vWf activity on admission and was showing a trend towards survival prediction after adjusting for MELD[632(119-1157) Vs 490 (97-986); p 0.025].As grade of ACLF increased vWf activity and mortality significantly increased (p <0.001) and there was a negative correlation between vWf activity and platelet count (r -0.136) CONCLUSIONS : We found higher manual platelet counts compared to coulter platelet counts in patients with PHT. The higher manual platelet counts are probably due to increased MPV. The increased platelet volume is probably due to release of immature platelets into the circulation. In patients with ACLF, we found markedly increased plasma vWf levels, and Correlation between severity of ACLF along with negative correlation with the platelet count. Elevated plasma vWf activity level showed a trend to be an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality

Uncertainty of Position of a Photon and Concomitant and Consummating Manifestation of Wave Effects

A system of uncertainty of the position of the particle (photon, electron etc.,) is investigated. Very observation affects the quantum mechanical reality, and the nature like a coy bride hides herself. Measurement always disturbs the true nature of ‘nature’ We discuss stability,solutional behaviour, and asymptotic behaviors of the system Keywords: Uncertainty of the position of the photon, Wave pattern, Duality Theory, Double Slit experiment, Superposition, Dark Photon, Annihilating particles

Interstitial cell network volume is reduced in the terminal bowel of ageing mice

Ageing is associated with impaired neuromuscular function of the terminal gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which can result in chronic constipation, faecal impaction and incontinence. Interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) play an important role in regulation of intestinal smooth muscle contraction. However, changes in ICC volume with age in the terminal GI tract (the anal canal including the anal sphincter region and rectum)have not been studied. Here, the distribution, morphology and network volume of ICC in the terminal GI tract of 3‐to 4‐month‐old and 26‐to 28‐month‐old C57BL/6mice were investigated. ICC were identified by immunofluorescence labelling of wholemount preparations with an antibody against c‐Kit. ICC network volume was measured by software‐based 3D volume rendering of confocal Z stacks. A significant reduction in ICC network volume per unit volume of muscle was measured in aged animals. No age‐associated change in ICC morphology was detected. The thickness of the circular muscle layer of the anal sphincter region and rectum increased with age, while that in the distal colon decreased. These results suggest that ageing is associated with a reduction in the network volume of ICC in the terminal GI tract, which may influence the normal function of these regions

OF GHOST FIELDS,CELESTIAL MONSTERS AND HELLHOUNDS-A FORTY SEVEN STOREY MODEL

ABSTRACT: We study a consolidated system of event; cause and n Qubit register which makes computation with n Qubits. Model extensively dilates upon systemic properties and analyses the systemic behaviour of the equations together with other concomitant properties. Inclusion of event and cause ,we feel enhances the “Quantum ness” of the system holistically and brings out a relevance in the Quantum Computation on par with the classical system, in so far as the analysis is concerned. Additional VARIABLES OF Space Time provide bastion for the quantum space time studies