Velocity Distribution of Driven Inelastic One-component Maxwell gas

The nature of the velocity distribution of a driven granular gas, though well studied, is unknown as to whether it is universal or not, and if universal what it is. We determine the tails of the steady state velocity distribution of a driven inelastic Maxwell gas, which is a simple model of a granular gas where the rate of collision between particles is independent of the separation as well as the relative velocity. We show that the steady state velocity distribution is non-universal and depends strongly on the nature of driving. The asymptotic behavior of the velocity distribution are shown to be identical to that of a non-interacting model where the collisions between particles are ignored. For diffusive driving, where collisions with the wall are modelled by an additive noise, the tails of the velocity distribution is universal only if the noise distribution decays faster than exponential.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Estimation of Defect proneness Using Design complexity Measurements in Object- Oriented Software

Software engineering is continuously facing the challenges of growing complexity of software packages and increased level of data on defects and drawbacks from software production process. This makes a clarion call for inventions and methods which can enable a more reusable, reliable, easily maintainable and high quality software systems with deeper control on software generation process. Quality and productivity are indeed the two most important parameters for controlling any industrial process. Implementation of a successful control system requires some means of measurement. Software metrics play an important role in the management aspects of the software development process such as better planning, assessment of improvements, resource allocation and reduction of unpredictability. The process involving early detection of potential problems, productivity evaluation and evaluating external quality factors such as reusability, maintainability, defect proneness and complexity are of utmost importance. Here we discuss the application of CK metrics and estimation model to predict the external quality parameters for optimizing the design process and production process for desired levels of quality. Estimation of defect-proneness in object-oriented system at design level is developed using a novel methodology where models of relationship between CK metrics and defect-proneness index is achieved. A multifunctional estimation approach captures the correlation between CK metrics and defect proneness level of software modules.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: Present concerns and future aspects

Nanotechnology is a promising field of interdisciplinary research. It opens up a wide array of opportunities in various fields like medicine,  pharmaceuticals, electronics and agriculture. The potential uses and benefits of nanotechnology are enormous. The current global population is nearly 7 */billion with 50% living in Asia. A large proportion of those living in developing countries face daily food shortages as a result of  environmental impacts or political instability, while in the developed worldthere is surplus of food. For developing countries, the drive is to develop drought and pest resistant crops, which also maximize yield. The potential of nanotechnology to revolutionise the health care, textile, materials, information and communication technology, and energy sectors has been well publicized. The application of nanotechnology to agriculture and food industries is also getting attention nowadays. Investments in agriculture and food nanotechnologies carry increasing weight because their potential benefits range from improved food quality and safety to reduced agricultural inputs and improved processing and nutrition. While most investment is made primarily in developed countries, research  advancements provide glimpses of potential applications in agricultural, food, and water safety that could have significant impacts on rural populations in developing countries. This review is concentrated on modern strategies used for the management of water, pesticides, limitationsin the use of chemical pesticides and potential of nano-materials in sustainable agriculture management as modern approaches of nanotechnology.Key words: Agriculture, nanotechnology, nanofertilizer, nanoencapsulation, nanoherbicides

Privacy-preserving scheme for mobile ad hoc networks.

This paper proposes a decentralized trust establishment protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), where nodes establish security associations. In order to achieve privacy and security, we use homomorphic encryption and polynomial intersection so as to find the intersection of two sets. The first set represents a list of recommenders of the initiator and the second set is a list of trusted recommenders of the responder. The intersection of the sets represents a list of nodes that recommend the first node and their recommendations are trusted by the second node. In our experimental results we show that our scheme is effective even if there are 30 trusted nodes