A Novel Biosensor for Evaluation of Apoptotic or Necrotic Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide during Acute Pancreatitis in Rat

The direct and accurate estimation of nitric dioxide levels is an extremely laborious and technically demanding procedure in the molecular diagnostics of inflammatory processes. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that a stop-flow technique utilizing a specific spectroscopic biosensor can be used for detection of nanomolar quantities of NO2 in biological milieu. The use of novel compound cis-[Cr(C2O4)(AaraNH2)(OH2)2]+ increases NO2 estimation accuracy by slowing down the rate of NO2 uptake. In this study, an animal model of pancreatitis, where nitrosative stress is induced by either 3g/kg bw or 1.5 g/kg bw dose of l-arginine, was used. Biochemical parameters and morphological characteristics of acute pancreatitis were monitored, specifically assessing pancreatic acinar cell death mode, NO2 generation and cellular glutathione level. The severity of the process correlated positively with NO2 levels in pancreatic acinar cell cytosol samples, and negatively with cellular glutathione levels

Investigations of ternary complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II) with oxydiacetate anion and 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2′-bipyridine in solutions

The article presents the situation of reused wastewater globally. At the outset we describe the parameters used to establish the higher or lower water deficit are, as well as the different regions where water supplies are under stress. The main causes of the worldwide increase of this problematic are reviewed. It includes a brief survey of historical events related to the use of wastewater and a description of the possible applications of this resource. Worldwide, the status of reused waters for different countries and regions is reviewed based on studies conducted in 2008 and 2013. The essay addresses the main reasons for the continued growth of reused wastewater in the future, whose expansion parallels advances in its treatment, and identifies the countries where a further increase of it is expected. It also describes how modern technologies for treating wastewater allow for its direct or indirect use for drinking purposes, indicating the most significant examples of this trend.El artículo presenta el estado de la reutilización de aguas residuales a escala mundial. Inicialmente se describen los parámetros que definen el mayor o menor déficit de agua, y se muestran las distintas regiones con déficit hídrico. Se revisan las principales causas que provocan el aumento en todo el mundo de esta problemática. Se incluye una breve reseña sobre sucesos históricos relacionados con el uso de aguas residuales, y se describen los usos posibles de las mismas. Se revisa el estado de la reutilización a escala mundial en los distintos países y regiones, según dos estudios realizados en 2008 y 2013. Finalmente se apuntan las principales razones para un continuo crecimiento de la reutilización de aguas residuales en el futuro, que crece paralelamente a la mejora en su tratamiento, identificando los países donde se espera mayor crecimiento. También se describe como las modernas tecnologías para el tratamiento de aguas residuales, permiten el uso directo o indirecto de las aguas regeneradas utilizándolas como aguas potables, describiendo los ejemplos más significativos

Cis-[Cr(C2O4)(pm)(OH2)2]+ Coordination Ion as a Specific Sensing Ion for H2O2 Detection in HT22 Cells

The purpose of this study was to examine the application of the coordinated cis-[Cr(C2O4)(pm)(OH)2]+ cation where pm denotes pyridoxamine, as a specific sensing ion for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The proposed method for H2O2 detection includes two key steps. The first step is based on the nonenzymatic decarboxylation of pyruvate upon reaction with H2O2, while the second step is based on the interaction of cis-[Cr(C2O4)(pm)(OH2)2]+ with the CO2 released in the previous step. Using this method H2O2 generated during glutamate-induced oxidative stress was detected in HT22 hippocampal cells. The coordination ion cis-[Cr(C2O4)(pm)(OH2)2]+ and the spectrophotometric stopped-flow technique were applied to determine the CO2 concentration in cell lysates, supernatants and cell-free culture medium. Prior to CO2 assessment pyruvate was added to all samples studied. Pyruvate reacts with H2O2 with 1:1 stoichiometry, and consequently the amount of CO2 released in this reaction is equivalent to the amount of H2O2