Comparison of collimated blue-light generation in Rb-85 atoms via the D-1 and D-2 lines

We experimentally and theoretically studied the characteristics of the collimated blue light (CBL) produced in Rb-85 vapor by two resonant laser fields exciting atoms into the 5D(3/2) state, using either the 5P(1/2) or the 5P(3/2) intermediate state. We compared the CBL output at different values of frequency detunings, powers, and polarizations of the pump lasers in these two cases and confirmed the observed trends using a simple theoretical model. We found that in general the CBL yield was higher for the the D-1 excitation scheme compared to the D-2 excitation scheme under similar conditions. We also demonstrated the importance of the repump laser, preventing the accumulation of atomic population in the uncoupled hyperfine ground state, which resulted in nearly an order of magnitude increase in CBL power output. One interesting finding was the existence of the optimal power ratios between the two pump lasers, leading to the maximum blue- light power, observed both in the experiment and in the calculations. (C) 2018 Optical Society of Americ

Suppression of four-wave mixing in hot rubidium vapor using ladder scheme Raman absorption

We experimentally investigate the effectiveness of four-wave mixing suppression in a double-interaction scheme by introducing an additional ladder-type two-photon Raman absorption resonance for one of the optical fields. We propose several possible interaction configurations involving either one or two isotopes of Rb and experimentally demonstrate the possibility of efficient four-wave mixing suppression in both electromagnetically induced transparency and far-detuned Raman cases. (C) 2017 Optical Society of Americ

Evaluation of outcome following clamp assisted mini open reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary nailing of subtrochanteric femoral fractures

Background: Subtrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur have been defined as the fractures extending from lesser trochanter distally for 5 cm. These fractures usually occur in two age distributions. In the elderly osteopenic population resulting from trivial trauma as fall from standing height or in the younger ones as a result of high energy trauma. Incidence has been on the rise and they comprise about 7 to 10% hip fractures and could lead quickly to large amount of blood loss and other complications.Methods: This is a multicentric prospective prognostic study level 1 consisting of 25 patients admitted in government civil hospital, Ahmedabad during April 2013 to May 2015 having high subtrochanteric femur fractures treated by clamp assisted reduction and intramedullary nailing. Out of these, 20 patients (80%) came for final follow up with average follow up of 11.5 months and evaluated for union, complication and functional outcome.Results: In our study final outcome is assessed based on hip outcome score (modified) based on which 85% had excellent outcome, 10% had good outcome and 5% had fair outcome with none of the patient having poor outcome.Conclusions: We found that clamp-assisted reduction and intramedullary nail fixation provides excellent reduction quality, high rate of fracture union, with no apparent increase in complications in subtrochanteric fractures of the femur.

Evaluation of Perceptual Contrast and Sharpness Measures for Meteorological Satellite Images

AbstractSharpness and contrast have great impact on perceived quality of an image. This paper focuses on sharpness and contrast measures to evaluate quality of Thermal Infrared (TIR1) channel of Indian National Satellite-3D (INSAT-3D) without using any reference image. Most of the sharpness metrics can scarcely manage to discern image quality degradation against high frequency behavior due to noise. Six Image Quality Measures (IQMs) are employed to study their behavior in terms of blur, noise and intensity changes simultaneously. Results show that (1) change in value of Measure Of Enhancement By Entropy (EMEE) is more discernible with change in contrast of an INSAT-3D image as compared to other measures and (2) Second Derivative Like Measure Of Enhancement (SDME) has a potential to distinguish high frequency content due to sharpness arisen due to un estimated noise up to some remarkable level in case of TIR1 INSAT-3D satellite images. Performance comparison of six measures against blur, noise, contrast and sharpness changes is presented

Hybrid Energy Management System Consisting of Battery and Supercapacitor for Electric Vehicle

This paper is mainly focused on Hybrid Energy Management System (HEMS) consisting of Battery (BT) and Super capacitor (SC). Two energy sources connected in with same DC link in parallel manner with the help of Bidirectional DC-DC converter, which is used to separate control of power flow of each source. Here Permanent magnet dc motor (PMDC) motor used as a load and speed control of PMDC motor can be done by PWM method for this purpose chopper circuit is used. Input of chopper circuit is DC link and output of the chopper is given to PMDC motor. This method of energy management gives power splitting between two sources based on State of Charge (SOC) of each individual source during different state of vehicle such as acceleration, constant running and deceleration. Improved filter-based power splitting techniques is implemented. Three acceleration reference points were taken for power splinting at different SOC levels of both energy sources. Objective of this proposed method is best use of both the sources i.e. battery and supercapacitor and maximum use of supercapacitor energy at the time of transient conditions. Battery supply energy during normal running condition or very less load condition. Hence during transient condition SC directly react with system and gives peak power requirement, so stress on battery is reduces hence lifetime of battery is increase, also power available during braking is store in SC and battery, so independence of Electric Vehicle (EV) is increases. Because of less peak power requirement, batteries with less peak output power is used so it is reduced size and cost of batteries. Matlab- Simulink software is used for simulation and also small scale hardware is also implemented of proposed method

Hybrid Energy Management System Consisting of Battery and Supercapacitor for Electric Vehicle

This paper is mainly focused on Hybrid Energy Management System (HEMS) consisting of Battery (BT) and Super capacitor (SC). Two energy sources connected in with same DC link in parallel manner with the help of Bidirectional DC-DC converter, which is used to separate control of power flow of each source. Here Permanent magnet dc motor (PMDC) motor used as a load and speed control of PMDC motor can be done by PWM method for this purpose chopper circuit is used. Input of chopper circuit is DC link and output of the chopper is given to PMDC motor. This method of energy management gives power splitting between two sources based on State of Charge (SOC) of each individual source during different state of vehicle such as acceleration, constant running and deceleration. Improved filter-based power splitting techniques is implemented. Three acceleration reference points were taken for power splinting at different SOC levels of both energy sources. Objective of this proposed method is best use of both the sources i.e. battery and supercapacitor and maximum use of supercapacitor energy at the time of transient conditions. Battery supply energy during normal running condition or very less load condition. Hence during transient condition SC directly react with system and gives peak power requirement, so stress on battery is reduces hence lifetime of battery is increase, also power available during braking is store in SC and battery, so independence of Electric Vehicle (EV) is increases. Because of less peak power requirement, batteries with less peak output power is used so it is reduced size and cost of batteries. Matlab- Simulink software is used for simulation and also small scale hardware is also implemented of proposed method

A comparative analysis of upper airway space with lateral cephalogram and cone beam computed tomography in north Gujarat population

Objective : The Aim and objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of upper airway measurement using with lateral cephalogram , CBCT lateral reconstruction and CBCT axial planes as well as to correlates these finding with area measurements acquired with the latter imaging methods. Methods : In this study , 44 subject (22 males & 22 females) included from north Gujarat adults . Landmark were defined for measurement of naso and Oropharynx , for different planes , using linear antero-posterior measurement and the corresponding area. Result : Analysis of variance shows linear measurement in nasopharynx and oropharynx area wise distribution and Inter Group Wise Distribution in Nasopharynx , all three group have significant different value. In inter Group Wise Distribution in Oropharynx, there is statistically no significant difference between Lateral Reconstruction Group and Lateral Cephalogram Manual Tracing Group. Statistically, no significant difference between Lateral Reconstruction Group and Axial Slice Group & also Statistically, no significant difference between Lateral Cephalogram Manual Tracing Group and Axial Slice Group. Conclusion : The linear measurements of the airway space obtained using the different techniques correlated positively with the respective area measurements, which demonstrate the reliability of the investigated techniques