O PARADOXO DAS REFORMAS DO ESTADO DE DIREITO: QUANDO REFORMAS INICIAIS SE TORNAM OBSTÁCULOS PARA REFORMAS FUTURAS

No seu livro mais recente, Reformas do Estado de Direito e Desenvolvimento: Mapeando o Difícil Caminho doProgresso, Michael Trebilcock e Ron Daniels mostram como as numerosas tentativas de promover reformas parafortalecer o Estado de Direito em países em desenvolvimento geraram poucos sucessos e muitos fracassos. Odiagnóstico dos autores é que fatores sociais, históricos e culturais e a resistência de grupos de interesse, foram doisdos principais obstáculos ao sucesso das reformas. O artigo oferece uma discussão mais aprofundada sobre essesdois obstáculos. A análise se baseia em dados secundários (literatura acadêmica) e apenas formula hipóteses aserem testadas. Não houve coleta de dados primários para a realização dessa pesquisa. Com relação aos fatoressociais, históricos e culturais, a hipótese é que reformas iniciais podem criar valores, práticas e atitudes que setornarão, por vezes, impedimentos para futuras reformas. Já na arena da economia política, essas reformas iniciaispodem fortalecer grupos de interesse que irão bloquear futuras reformas. Se as hipóteses estiverem corretas, osformuladores de políticas públicas encontram-se diante de um paradoxo: reformas iniciais ambiciosas podemprejudicar os esforços para promover reformas importantes no futuro, criando uma armadilha no processo dereforma (reforma-armadilha). O artigo sugere que o caso da reforma do judiciário no Brasil parece ilustrar esseparadoxo e permitiria discutir possíveis estratégias para superar esse impasse

The Brazilian Clean Company Act: Using Institutional Multiplicity for Effective Punishment

In Brazil’s battle against corruption over the past two decades, there has been significant progress associated with the systems of oversight and investigation but very little progress in holding corrupt actors legally accountable for their transgressions. We suggest that until very recently this could be partially explained by the fact that there was institutional multiplicity (i.e., duplication of functions) in oversight and investigative institutions, while at the punishment stage, a single and underperforming institution—the judiciary—exercised monopolistic authority. To circumvent the limits associated with Brazilian courts, the government is increasingly relying on administrative sanctions for corruption. It is in this context that Brazil has enacted legislation to punish legal persons for both foreign and domestic corruption: The Clean Company Act (Lei Anti-Corrupção), enacted in August 2013, has used institutional multiplicity in an attempt to circumvent the well-known problems that plague the Brazilian anti-corruption system. We suggest that this approach looks promising, as it follows the same structure of recent reforms that have been successful in Brazil

Generation of transgenic rodent malaria parasites by transfection of cell culture-derived merozoites

Malaria research is greatly dependent on and has drastically advanced with the possibility of genetically modifying Plasmodium parasites. The commonly used transfection protocol by Janse and colleagues utilizes blood stage-derived Plasmodium berghei schizonts that have been purified from a blood culture by density gradient centrifugation. Naturally, this transfection protocol depends on the availability of suitably infected mice, constituting a time-based variable. In this study, the potential of transfecting liver stage-derived merozoites was explored. In cell culture, upon merozoite development, infected cells detach from the neighbouring cells and can be easily harvested from the cell culture supernatant. This protocol offers robust experimental timing and temporal flexibility. HeLa cells are infected with P. berghei sporozoites to obtain liver stage-derived merozoites, which are harvested from the cell culture supernatant and are transfected using the Amaxa Nucleofector(®) electroporation technology. Using this protocol, wild type P. berghei ANKA strain and marker-free PbmCherryHsp70-expressing P. berghei parasites were successfully transfected with DNA constructs designed for integration via single- or double-crossover homologous recombination. An alternative protocol for Plasmodium transfection is hereby provided, which uses liver stage-derived P. berghei merozoites for transfection. This protocol has the potential to substantially reduce the number of mice used per transfection, as well as to increase the temporal flexibility and robustness of performing transfections, if mosquitoes are routinely present in the laboratory. Transfection of liver stage-derived P. berghei parasites should enable generation of transgenic parasites within 8-18 days

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

What is law and development?

Law & Development studies have been growing in the past few years after having its death declared in the 1970s. There is however very little clarity as to what this field acompasses or wether is a field at all. Under the label of Law & Development one can find a wide variety of studies , approaches, analysis and topics. What brings all these studies bring together? What is that one should know. if one is looking for a concies summary of what this field acompasses? These are the questions that I will try to answer in this essay. The reader should be forewarned that the title may be slightly misleading, as the paper will not provide comprehensive and conclusive answers to the question "What is Law & Development?" but hopefully it will offer a starting point for a deeper inquiry

Courts and ‘The Regulatory State of the South’ : the case of Brazil; introduction

This book aims at contributing to the growing academic literature on the importance of institutional interconnections to a country’s development.1 In the context of a relatively recent privatization process that created regulatory agencies for certain economic sectors, the book investigates whether and how the institutional environment affects and or determines the strategies adopted by different interest groups to influence regulatory outcomes and the functioning of regulatory agencies. It focuses specifically on courts and their interaction with regulatory agencies in one particular country, Brazil