Implementation of Energy Saver Circuit using 8051 Microcontroller

In this paper, we have proposed the development of a module based on 8051 microcontroller that allows us to operate a 220V AC lamp with a remote control and regulate the intensity of the lamp as per our needs. The ability to control the intensity of the lamp according to our requirement waives of unwanted wastage of energy thus providing an economic relief and reducing wastage of primary energy sources at this hour of shortage of non-renewable energy sources. Remote control provides an interface to the system that is simple to understand, operate, reliable and durable irrespective of usage and also economical. It adds comfort to our daily life by eliminating unwanted movement to operate the appliances. Remote control facilitates controlling various appliances from a convenient distance. The module is easy to install,convenient to use, energy saving and also cost effective without allowing compensation of efficiency

1-Phenyl-3-{4-[4-(4-undecyl­oxybenzoyl­oxy)phenyl­oxycarbon­yl]phen­yl}triazene 1-oxide

The X-ray crystallographic study of the title compound, C37H41N3O6, at 150 K establishes the N-oxide form of the triazene 1-oxide unit. There is one intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­action and the crystal packing is stabilized by one N—H⋯O, three C—H⋯O and three C—H⋯π inter­molecular inter­actions. The dihedral angles between pairs of adjacent benzene rings are 14.9 (3), 56.3 (1) and 56.0 (1)

Characterization of two antimicrobial peptides produced by a halotolerant Bacillus subtilis strain SK.DU.4 isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample

A bacterial strain producing two antimicrobial peptides was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on both phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis. It grew optimally up to 14% NaCl and produced antimicrobial peptide within 24 h of growth. The peptides were purified using a combination of chemical extraction and chromatographic techniques. The MALDI-TOF analysis of HPLC purified fractions revealed that the strain SK.DU.4 secreted a bacteriocin-like peptide with molecular mass of 5323.9 Da and a surface-active lipopeptide (m/z 1056 Da). The peptide mass fingerprinting of low-molecular-weight bacteriocin exhibited significant similarity with stretches of secreted lipoprotein of Methylomicrobium album BG8 and displayed 70% sequence coverage. MALDI MS/MS analysis elucidated the lipopeptide as a cyclic lipopeptide with a β-hydroxy fatty acid linked to Ser of a peptide with seven α-amino acids (Asp-Tyr-Asn-Gln-Pro-Asn-Ser) and assigned it to iturin-like group of antimicrobial biosurfactants. However, it differed in amino acid composition with other members of the iturin family. Both peptides were active against Gram-positive bacteria, suggesting that they had an additive effect

A Multi-centre Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Biosimilar Infliximab (Infimab™) in Ankylosing Spondylitis in Real-world Clinical Settings - A perspective from Eastern India

Introduction: Owing to dearth of data on infliximab biosimilars in Indian patients, a pan-India case database-based study with infliximab biosimilar BOW015 (Infimab™) was carried out to capture its efficacy and safety in real world clinical settings in India. Here, we assessed its efficacy and safety in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) among patients in the East India cohort. Materials and methods: Data were collected from multiple centers across the eastern region of India. Patients diagnosed with AS, within the preceding 4-6 months during the preceding one year were included in the study. Patients who were given BOW015 for other indications, prior innovator infliximab or other biologics were excluded from the study. Primary variable was Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale (ASDAS) response defined as change of > 2 in the ASDAS score from the baseline by 4-6 months of follow up. Results: The cohort consisted of 149 patients, predominantly male (69.8%), with mean (±SD) age of 36.75 (±11.11) years and mean (±SD) body weight of 58.26 (±15.4) kgs. Of the treated patients, 91 (61.1%) patients were administered four doses, 10 (6.7%) patients were administered three doses, 37 (24.8%) patients were administered two doses and 11 (7.4%) patients were administered only a single dose of BOW015. In the final analysis set, 81 patients had data at baseline and 4th visit. Among the 81 patients, 74 (91%) patients achieved major improvement, 5 (6%) patients achieved clinically important improvement and 2 (3%) were non-responders at 4th visit. Secondarily, cross categorization of the cohort into disease activity categories by number of infusions administered from baseline to 4th visit and assessment of trends in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) scores were also carried out and these too confirmed the efficacy of BOW015. Conclusion: Infimab™ (BOW015) showed significant improvement in ASDAS and BASDAI in patients with AS at the end of 4-6 months of follow up with its clinical benefits being apparent as early as first dose of BOW015

An unusual iminoacylation of 2-amino pyridyl thiazole: Synthesis, X-ray crystallography and DFT study of copper(II) amidine complexes and their cytotoxicity, DNA binding and cleavage study

Insertion of acetonitrile in the exocyclic NH2 group of the thiazole unit of 2-amino-4-(2-pyridyl)thiazole (HL) in the presence of copper chloride results in the formation of the monomeric amidine complex [Cu{LC(Me)double bondNH)}Cl2] (1). The same reaction of HL and copper(II) perchlorate yields the complex [Cu(HL)2](ClO4)2 (2), without acetonitrile insertion. However, the presence of a spacer donor, e.g. pyrazine, in the reaction medium results in the formation of a dinuclear amidine derivative, [(ClO4){LC(Me)double bondNH}Cu(μ-pyrazine)Cu{LC(Me)double bondNH}(ClO4)] (ClO4)2 (3). Complexes 1 and 3 are the first examples of copper assisted iminoacylation of 2-amino pyridylthiazole derivatives, confirming a nitrile to amidine transformation. The new complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry and a DFT study. The complexes have a potential cytotoxic effect in human monocytic cells (U937) with IC50 values ranging from 0.84 to 4.5 μM. Significant necrotic activities are ascertained by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme release assay. The interaction with calf thymus (CT) DNA shows the binding constant (Kb) values are ∼104 M−1. The chemical nuclease activity of 1, 2 and 3 result in 65, 99 and 80% relaxation of supercoiled DNA at 10 μM in the presence of glutathione (GSH, 1 mM), respectively. The study with radical scavengers proved that a hydroxyl or singlet oxygen-like species is responsible for the DNA degradation.publishe

Deregulation of LIMD1-VHL-HIF-1α-VEGF pathway is associated with different stages of cervical cancer.

To understand the mechanism of cellular stress in basal-parabasal layers of normal cervical epithelium and during different stages of cervical carcinoma, we analyzed the alterations (expression/methylation/copy number variation/mutation) of HIF-1α and its associated genes LIMD1, VHL and VEGF in disease-free normal cervix (n = 9), adjacent normal cervix of tumors (n = 70), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN; n = 32), cancer of uterine cervix (CACX; n = 174) samples and two CACX cell lines. In basal-parabasal layers of normal cervical epithelium, LIMD1 showed high protein expression, while low protein expression of VHL was concordant with high expression of HIF-1α and VEGF irrespective of HPV-16 (human papillomavirus 16) infection. This was in concordance with the low promoter methylation of LIMD1 and high in VHL in the basal-parabasal layers of normal cervix. LIMD1 expression was significantly reduced while VHL expression was unchanged during different stages of cervical carcinoma. This was in concordance with their frequent methylation during different stages of this tumor. In different stages of cervical carcinoma, the expression pattern of HIF-1α and VEGF was high as seen in basal-parabasal layers and inversely correlated with the expression of LIMD1 and VHL. This was validated by demethylation experiments using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in CACX cell lines. Additional deletion of LIMD1 and VHL in CIN/CACX provided an additional growth advantage during cervical carcinogenesis through reduced expression of genes and associated with poor prognosis of patients. Our data showed that overexpression of HIF-1α and its target gene VEGF in the basal-parabasal layers of normal cervix was due to frequent inactivation of VHL by its promoter methylation. This profile was maintained during different stages of cervical carcinoma with additional methylation/deletion of VHL and LIMD1.This work was supported by CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India)-JRF/NET grant [File No.09/030(0059)/2010-EMR-I] to Mr. C.Chakraborty, grant [Sr. No. 2121130723] from UGC (University Grants Commission, Government of India) to Mr. Sudip Samadder, grant [SR/SO/HS-116/2007] from DST (Department of Science and Technology, Government of India) to Dr. C. K. Panda and grant [ No. 60(0111)/14/EMR-II of dt.03/11/2014] from CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India) to Dr. C. K. Pand