56 research outputs found
Incidence and predation rate of hornet (Vespa spp.) on European honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) apiary at mid-hill areas of Lalitpur district, Nepal
Predatory hornets are considered as one of the major constraints to beekeeping industry. Therefore, its incidence and predation rate was studied throughout the year at two locations- rural and forest areas of mid-hill in Laliptur district during 2016/017 to 2017/018. Observation was made on the number of hornet and honey bee captured by hornet in three different times of the day for three continuous minutes every fortnightly on five honeybee colonies. During the study period, major hornet species captured around the honeybee apiary at both locations were, Vespa velutina Lepeletier, Vespa basalis Smith, Vespa tropica (Linnaeus) and Vespa mandarina Smith. The hornet incidence varied significantly between the years and locations along with different observation dates. Their incidence and predation rates were low in early spring and summer that gradually increased with the highest peak in October and November in both locations. The maximum predation was on mid-November (62.07%) and early-November (53.49%) at rural and forest locations, respectively during 2016/017. In 2017/018, the highest predation was on early-November (70.27%) at rural area while it was in mid-November (58.62%) in the apiaries near the forest area. The population of hornet was considerably higher at forest areas and their incidence around the honeybee apiaries were negatively correlated with rainfall. Hence, assessment of the temporal and spatial population variations and predation rates along with weather parameters is helpful in to develop sustainable management plans of the hornet in apiary
Characterization of carbon derived from candle by flame-soot method for counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells
Candle soot, carbon samples prepared by flame-soot method, was characterized and investigated for its catalytic ability for the reduction of tri-iodide ions aiming to substitute expensive platinum based electrode used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy of the candle soot samples revealed that the soot contains 96% carbon. Similarly, Scanning Electron Microscopy images show that the candle soot consists of interconnected carbon nanoparticles of size ∼50 nm. Furthermore, X-ray Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that the candle soot consists of disordered and ordered graphitic carbons in a comparable proportion. The catalytic ability of the candle soot was compared with that of platinum by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of the symmetrical electrochemical cells. The charge transfer resistance (Rct) at the candle soot-electrolyte interface was observed to be ∼4.42 Ω cm2 compared to ∼ 5.04 Ω cm2 that of the platinum-electrolyte interface. The candle soot was prepared by a simple method using low-cost material; hence, it can be a low-cost and efficient counter electrode material alternate to the platinum used in counter electrodes of DSCs
Plane-symmetric inhomogeneous magnetized viscous fluid universe with a variable
The behavior of magnetic field in plane symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological
models for bulk viscous distribution is investigated. The coefficient of bulk
viscosity is assumed to be a power function of mass density . The values of cosmological constant for these models are
found to be small and positive which are supported by the results from recent
supernovae Ia observations. Some physical and geometric aspects of the models
are also discussed.Comment: 18 pages, LaTex, no figur
Anisotropic cosmological models with a perfect fluid and a term
We consider a self-consistent system of Bianchi type-I (BI) gravitational
field and a binary mixture of perfect fluid and dark energy given by a
cosmological constant. The perfect fluid is chosen to be the one obeying either
the usual equation of state, i.e., p = \zeta \ve, with or
a van der Waals equation of state. Role of the term in the evolution
of the BI Universe has been studied.Comment: 8 pages, 8 Figure
Digestibilidade e características ruminais de dietas com diferentes níveis de concentrado para bubalinos e bovinos
Indigenous knowledge and organizational process: Experiences and lessons from local Nepali irrigation systems
In Tamang, D.; Gill, G. J.; Thapa, G. B. (Eds.), Indigenous management of natural resources in Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: HMG Ministry of Agriculture; Winrock Internationa
Banganga Irrigation System: An exercise in participatory management
In Pant, S. R.; Valera, A.; Pradhan, U. (Eds.) Proceedings of the National Workshop on Participatory Management in Agency-managed Irrigation Systems in Nepal, Lazimpat, Kathmandu, Nepal, 29-30 April 1992. Kathmandu, Nepal: IIMI. Nepal Field Operation
Towards participatory management: the case of an irrigation system in the plains of Nepal
In International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). Advancements in IIMI's research 1992: a selection of papers presented at the Internal Program Review. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI)
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