22 research outputs found
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Inland aquaculture in India: Past trend, present status and future prospects
In India, inland aquaculture has emerged as a fast-growing enterprise and a viable alternative
to the declining capture fisheries. The present paper is an attempt to assess Indian inland
aquaculture with respect to its resource base, output trends, systems and activities, yield gaps, adoption
and impact on aquaculturists, economics, returns to inputs, investment needs, and future
prospects. The paper is largely based on existing literature and observations made as part of an
ICAR-WorldFish demand supply project. Indian aquaculture is primarily limited to inland sector
and carp-oriented; for that reason, this activity received special attention. Freshwater aquaculture
observed tremendous growth in the past 15 years, but immense scope still exists for horizontal
expansion and increases in productivity (vertical expansion)
Coldwater Fisheries
The potential cold areas in India include the long stretch of Himalayas of around 2500
km from west to east and 200-400 km from north to south comprising an area of 594,400 km2.
These area have different types of coldwater resources: upland streams, rivers, high and low
altitudinal lakes and reservoirs located in different hill states of India. Around 8,243 km long
streams and rivers, 20,500 ha natural lakes, 50,000 ha of reservoirs both natural and manmade
and 2500 ha brackishwater lakes at high altitude inhabits large population of indigenous and
exotic coldwater fish species in these mountain water bodies which have immense potential
for aquaculture practices as well as capture fisheries
Indian Fisheries: The Setting
Indian fisheries and aquaculture is an important sector of agriculture, providing
employment, food and nutritional security particularly to the rural poor and better access
to protein rich food for all. It is also contributing to the agricultural exports and engaging
about fourteen million people in different activities. With diverse resources ranging from deep
seas to lakes in the mountains and more than 10 per cent of the global biodiversity in terms
of fish and shellfish species, the country has shown continuous and sustained increments
in fish production since independence. With support of government initiatives and policies,
various innovations by scientific community, support from private industries and companies,
fishermen, farmers, NGOs and self help groups, the sector has evolved from a modest,
traditional and subsistence level to a sophisticated and modern enterprise. The country now
occupies the third position in total world production and second in aquaculture production.
тАШFish for All foreverтАЩ necessitates the sustained development of the sector to cater nutritional
needs of millions of people in future. India with vast water resources ranging from seas to cold
hill streams and over 10 per cent of the fish biodiversity on earth has high scope for producing
fish by utilizing the untapped potentials of inland and marine sector
Socio-Economic status of fishers of reservoirs of India
The present study is a rapid assessment of socio-economic status to estimate income, illiteracy and health of reservoir
fishersinsevenstatesoflndia.stmctureddatafrom4l5fishermenwerecollected. The result indicated that against the
Indian average literacy rate of '74.52o/o the literacy rate of 63.32% was recorded among the sampled hshers. The school
dropouts were more at secondary level of education(57 .75%o ). Fishers' children were vaccinated in most of the states
as per the recommendation of Indian Council of Medical Research. The average monthly expenditure of the households
was worked out to be Rs. 3148.3 only, which is very low to sustain livelihood; often lead to indebtness
Freshwater Aquaculture
Indian aquaculture has grown at a faster pace of almost 5.5 per cent per year consistently
since last 50 years. In some of the years the growth rate in the aquaculture was recorded as high
as 9 per cent. Indian aquaculture has demonstrated a six and half fold growth over the last two
decades, with fresh water aquaculture contributing over 95 per cent of the total aquaculture
production and more than half of the national fish production. The three Indian major carps,
namely catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) contribute the bulk
of production with over 1.8 million tonnes (FAO, 2003) Average national production from
fresh water ponds has increased from 0.6 tonnes/ha/year in 1974 to 2.9 tonnes/ha/year by
2009тАУ2010 (DAHDF, 2010), with several farmers even demonstrating production levels as
high as 8тАУ12 tonnes/ha/year. For the newly introduced fishes like Pangus the production
recorded was as high as 25 tonnes/ha/yr. At the national level as well as in state level, the
production and productivity has been on the rise over a period of time. Backed by new
policies like Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDA), National Fisheries Development
Board (NFDB) and state initiatives, there are enough incentives to increase the productivity of
fish per unit water areas
Fishers in Post-harvest Fisheries Sector in India : An Assessment of Socio-economic Status
This paper presents the results of study carried out
during 2009-11, to assess literacy, health and income
status of fishers in India with reference to postharvest
sector which covered fishers in marketing
and processing. The study covered five states and
one union territory, covering 11 districts reaching
548 households. About 52.19% of the respondents
fell in the age group of 36-55. The average male- female ratio was 1.03 and 66.61% of the families
were in the small family category of 2-4 members.
It was observed that the literacy rates among fishers
in post-harvest sector in different states ranged from
63.74 to 95.81%. In general, the literacy rates were
comparable to the national average. Maternal and
child mortality were low in the sample studied and
the average birth weight of infants was 2.68 kg. The
average monthly income was Rs. 7027.45 with a
daily income of Rs. 234.25. About 44.70% of the
households had no savings and 47.81% of households
were in debt
Inland Fisheries
The Indian fisheries date back to time immemorial, but, the saga of success has been
related to early post independence years. With renewed accent on optimum utilization of
countryтАЩs aquatic wealth for fisheries, the Government of India earmarked an ambitious
programme of mechanization and modernization through upgradation of technology during
early fifties. Therefore, Indian fisheries witnessed impressive transformation from a highly
traditional rural activity to technologically sound well developed industry.
Indian fisheries sector has growing steadily from the first plan onwards with the annual
fish production of 0.754 million tonnes during 1950-51 to the level of 9.57 million tonnes
during 2012-13