Epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorder among surgeons: a systematic review

Surgeons spend most of their working time in ergonomically challenging postures. These postures lead to musculoskeletal pain. WRMD’s consists various symptoms like pain, fatigue, stiffness, weakness. A significant prevalence of neck, shoulder, back and wrist pain has been reported among surgeons. The aim of the study was to study Epidemiology of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Surgeons. Article systematically reviews epidemiology studies on musculoskeletal disorder among surgeons, literature search was undertaken using google scholar, PubMed, Medline and ScienceDirect from last 10 years from 2012 to 2022. Total 11 studies were included. We applied the checklist, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), to assess the quality of reporting of the included studies. A total of 50 articles were identified. Exclusion criteria lead to 26 full-text articles being screened, generating a total of 11 articles for review. Seven cross sectional studies, two cohort studies and two observational studies were included. Based on analysis of included studies, most of the study stated high prevalence of cervical spine diseases among surgeons. They should represent a major step forward in prevention of WRMSDs among surgeons

Effects of sensory stimulation on balance and postural control in diabetic neuropathy: systematic review

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a complication of Diabetes Mellitus and is the most common noncommunicable disease. It involves decreases in the sensations and Lower extremity strength leading to reduce dynamic stability in balance and postural control. The purpose of the study is to review the effects of sensory stimulation interventions on Balance and Postural control in Diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A systematic review was conducted following the centers for Goggle scholar, PUBMED and science direct database using the keywords Sensory Stimulation, Balance, Postural control, Diabetic neuropathy. The time frame of the search was from 2006 to 2021. The review resulted in search of 18 articles with duration from 1 day to 26 weeks with a total population of 1,422 diabetes Mellitus type I and type II patients from the year 2006 to 2021. There were strong evidences of effects of sensory stimulation on postural control and Balance with noticeable difference in DPN. Based on our analysis results, most of the study stated that Vibration, Plantar Massages, Kinesiotaping, Rocker shoe, Vibromedical insole, Conventional exercises with proprioception stimulation, Mechanical noise have shown significant difference on balance and postural control. Whereas, offloading devices did not show any remarkable variance. The currently existing studies require a clear recommendation on whether which intervention is more effective. Thus, longer duration studies are required to improve balance and postural control in Diabetic Neuropathy

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among IT professionals in India-a literature review

Musculoskeletal disorders are typically characterised by discomfort (often persistent) and restrictions in mobility, dexterity and functional ability, reducing people’s capability to work and participate in social roles with associated influences on psychological welfare, and at a wider level influence on the prosperity of communities Information technology- has played a vital role in transforming India from a slow administrative economy into a land of innovational entrepreneurs. The aim of this review is to, critically analyze the literature and report on the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in information technology professionals. The review focused on computers users and software professionals. An extensive literature search was undertaken using google scholar and PubMed databases for last 10 years from 2011 to 2020. Further Following a thorough search of the databases, a total of 25 articles were evaluated. A number of articles reported a high prevalence of MSD, generally various studies have been done on information technology professionals and related to the work of IT professionals and studies on various risk factors also have been done in different states of India. 17 articles had selected for the study purpose in which prevalence study had selected for the review. The prevalence among the IT professionals is not uniform; however, Software engineers and computer operators appear to be more prone to neck, shoulder and back pain

Assessment of sleep quality in school children of 6-12 years in COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Sleep disorders in children are one of the common disorders and their frequency has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to assess the quality of sleep and study the parameters of sleep in school children aged 6-12 years in pandemic with the help of children’s sleep habit questionnaire (CSHQ).Methods: A survey-based study was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021 using the data obtained from CSHQ. The study involved 498 school children, among which 244 were male participants and 254 were female participants. It involved students from schools of Rahata and Mumbai, Maharashtra.Results: The results of the study were withdrawn. Bedtime Resistance had mean value of 11.79±4.56, sleep onset delay had mean of 1.56±0.71. Average of sleep duration was 4.56±2.09. Sleep anxiety had mean of 7.48±3.1, night wakings had mean of 4.27±1.91. Mean of parasomnias was 10.1±4.46. Average of sleep disordered breathing was 4.09±1.86, for daytime sleepiness mean was 13.04±5.44 with significance of p˂0.0001.Conclusions: The study concluded that sleep time became lesser and bedtime became later in present scenario of COVID-19. The subscale items of CSHQ scale have increased values indicating towards altered sleep pattern. The total scoring of CSHQ for age group 6-9 years on average is higher than age group 10-12 years except “sleep onset delay” and “sleep duration”. Also, the total scores of female participants are higher as compared to male participants

A comprehensive exercise program improves foot alignment in people with flexible flat foot: a randomised trial

Question: In people with flexible flat foot, what is the effect of a comprehensive exercise program on navicular drop height and medial longitudinal arch angle compared with a control regimen of brief active range of motion exercises? Design: Randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinding of assessors and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants: Fifty-two people with flexible flat foot. Intervention: The experimental group undertook 30-minute exercise sessions three times per week for 6 weeks. The exercises involved active dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, foot shortening exercises, gluteal muscle strengthening, and stretching. The control group performed active dorsiflexion and plantarflexion only for 6 weeks. Outcome measures: Navicular drop height and longitudinal arch angle. Results: Randomisation allocated 26 participants to each group. One participant from the experimental group and two from the control group did not complete the study. After 6 weeks, the participants in the experimental group improved their navicular drop height by 0.4 cm (95% CI 0.4 to 0.5) more than those in the control group. These participants also improved their longitudinal arch angle by 16 deg (95% CI 13 to 19) more than those in the control group. Conclusion: In people with flexible flat foot, a comprehensive 6-week exercise program improved the navicular drop height and longitudinal arch angle more than active dorsiflexion and plantarflexion alone. This improved the cosmetic appearance of the foot and reduced progression towards more severe flat foot, which typically becomes symptomatic. Trial registration: CTRI/2021/07/034599

Essentialities of knowledge of whys and whats of acute abdomen during pregnancy

Acute abdomen accounts for 5-10% of emergency department visits. It designates symptoms, signs of intraperitoneal disease with sudden onset, can persist for hours to days, and is associated with wide variety of clinical features which may not be, specific to underlying disease. Pregnant state complicates the issue because of anatomic, physiologic changes during pregnancy. Its causes are many, obstetric, gynecological, many others which encompass a wide spectrum of surgical and medical conditions from aortic dissection to psychogenic pain, almost anything in between, a trivial to life-threatening condition, which requires immediate therapy. Diagnosis is challenging, requires careful history, thorough evaluation of symptoms, examination, and judicious use of investigations to specify disease and management which many times could be surgery only. Individualized approach is the best with basics known

A comparative study of Ksharsutra Ligation and Electro-Thermal Cautery in the management of Arsha W. S. R. To Sentinel Piles

The disease Fissure with Sentinel Piles, an Ano-rectal disorder is as old as mankind. Still a large population of the world population is troubled with Fissure with Sentinel Piles which is perhaps due to inconsistency of the human diet and social obligations demanded by civilization .This disease is not generally threat to human life, but causes considerable discomfort, enforced bed rest, absence of mind from work with consequent economic strain, while the long range effects of this disease are induced weakness, which finally saps energy and enthusiasm of the patients. Ano-rectal disorder is progressively increasing in the society. Few important causes out of which number of them is sedentary life style, irregular diet and physiological disturbances like anxiety and depression. The present study has been carried out to study the clinical efficacy of ksharsutra and Electro-Thermal cauterization in the management of sentinel pile was aimed. The clinical study was conducted on 60 patients selected randomly and divided into 2 groups based on the procedures for the clinical trial. First group was treated with Ksharsutra ligation. Second group was treated with Electro-Thermal cauterization. The clinical assessment was done on the basis of grading criteria with specific symptology of sentinel pile like Gudapida, Gudadaha, Rakta Srava, Sparshasahatwa, Guda Kandu, Shotha, GudaStrav, Malavasthmbha, Mansanankur .Then mean scores levels of these symptoms before and after the treatment of 2 groups where subject for student ‘t’ test for statistical analysis. The results were statistically and clinically significant not only to cure but also to prevent recurrence of the sentile piles

A scanning electron microscopic study of smear layer remaining following use of Greater Taper rotary instruments

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the smear layer in the root canal following the use of Ni-Ti hand ProTaper, HERO shaper and Twisted rotary instruments. Fifteen freshly extracted single rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were selected. Crowns of all teeth were cut off at the cemento-enamel junction with a carborundum disc. The roots were then randomly divided into three groups of 5 samples each. The working length of all teeth was established by the insertion of an endodontic instrument into the canal until its tip is visible at the apical foramen and then subtracted by 0.5 mm. A sequential crown down technique was carried out in all the three groups as follows: Group-I- Specimens in this group were instrumented with ProTaper Ni-Ti hand instruments. Group-II- Specimens were instrumented with HERO shapers. Group-III - The specimens in this group were instrumented with Twisted rotary instruments. Irrigation was done with 3% NaOCl and 15% EDTA in all the three groups. Teeth were carefully split with hammer and chisel and stored in small labeled bottles containing normal saline until SEM evaluation. Results showed that when comparing ProTaper files, Twisted rotary instruments and HERO shaper instruments, HERO shaper series of rotary instruments showed maximum amount of smear layer followed by the Twisted rotary instruments. Hand instruments produced least amount of smear layer

Intel ® Processor and Platform Evolution for the Next Decade Executive Summary

Without a doubt, computing has made great strides in recent years. But as much as it has advanced in the last ten years, in the coming decade, the emergence and migration of new workloads and usage models to mainstream computing will put enormous demands on future computing platforms: demands for much higher performance, for much lower power density and for greatly expanded functionality. Given these seismic shifts in the uses of computing, how we define and architect future computing platforms will have to change dramatically, holistically comprehending and satisfying not only computation, but interface and infrastructure requirements as well. Intel’s long-range vision for the evolution of these three fundamental platform elements, and the architectural innovation and core competencies enabling that evolution, is what we call Platform 2015. In addition to examining relevant trends and usages and their platform processing implications, this paper will focus on the computational element of Platfor