Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cannonball Leaves and Their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF-7 Cell Line

Cannonball (Couroupita guianensis) is a tree belonging to the family Lecythidaceae. Various parts of the tree have been reported to contain oils, keto steroids, glycosides, couroupitine, indirubin, isatin, and phenolic substances. We report here the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using cannonball leaves. Green synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and FTIR. Cannonball leaf broth as a reducing agent converts silver ions to AgNPs in a rapid and ecofriendly manner. The UV-Vis spectra gave surface plasmon resonance peak at 434 nm. TEM image shows well-dispersed silver nanoparticles with an average particle size of 28.4 nm. FTIR showed the structure and respective bands of the synthesized nanoparticles and the stretch of bonds. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles by cannonball leaf extract show cytotoxicity to human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Overall, this environmentally friendly method of biological silver nanoparticles production provides rates of synthesis faster than or comparable to those of chemical methods and can potentially be used in various human contacting areas such as cosmetics, foods, and medical applications

Deriving implementation-level policies for usage control enforcement

Usage control is concerned with how data is used after access to it has been granted. As such, it is particularly relevant to end users who own the data. System implementations of access and usage control enforcement mechanisms, how-ever, do not always adequately reflect end user requirements. This is due to several reasons, one of which is the problem of mapping concepts in the end user’s domain to technical events and artifacts. For instance, semantics of basic oper-ators such as “copy ” or “delete”, which are fundamental for specifying privacy policies, tend to vary according to con-text. For this reason they can be mapped to different sets of system events. The behaviour users expect from the sys-tem, therefore, may differ from the actual behaviour. In this paper we present a translation of specification-level us-age control policies into implementation-level policies which takes into account the precise semantics of domain-specific abstractions. A tool for automating the translation has also been implemented

Automated Translation of End User Policies for Usage Control Enforcement

Part 6: Access Control and Usage PoliciesInternational audienceIn existing implementations of usage control, policies have been specified at the implementation level by intelligent users who understand the technical details of the systems in place. However, end users who want to protect their data are not always technical experts. So they would like to specify policies in abstract terms which could somehow be translated in a format that technical systems understand. This paper describes a generic and automated policy derivation where end users can specify their usage control requirements in structured natural language sentences, from which system-understandable technical policies are derived and deployed without further human intervention

AN INSIGHT ON ALGAL CELL DISRUPTION FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

 Objective: This review article deals with the effect that various cell disruption techniques have on the efficiency of lipid extraction. We have reviewed existing algal cell disruption techniques that aid the biodiesel production process.Methods: Current rise in demand for energy has led the researcher to focus on the production of sustainable fuels, among which biodiesel has received greater attention. This is due to its larger lipid content, higher growth rate, larger biomass production, and lower land use. Extraction of lipid from algae (micro and macro) for the production of biodiesel involves numerous downstream processing steps, of which cell wall disruption is a crucial step. Bead milling, high-pressure homogenization, ultra-sonication, freeze-drying, acid treatment, and enzymatic lysis are some methods of cell disruption. The cell disruption technique needs to be optimized based on the structure and biochemical composition of algae.Result: The lipid extraction efficiency varies depending on the algal species and the cell disruption technique used.Conclusion: In-depth research and development of new techniques are required to further enhance the cell disruption of the algal cell wall for the enhanced recovery of lipids. In addition, the operating costs and energy consumption should also be optimized for the cost-effective recovery

AN INSIGHT ON ALGAL CELL DISRUPTION FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

 Objective: This review article deals with the effect that various cell disruption techniques have on the efficiency of lipid extraction. We have reviewed existing algal cell disruption techniques that aid the biodiesel production process.Methods: Current rise in demand for energy has led the researcher to focus on the production of sustainable fuels, among which biodiesel has received greater attention. This is due to its larger lipid content, higher growth rate, larger biomass production, and lower land use. Extraction of lipid from algae (micro and macro) for the production of biodiesel involves numerous downstream processing steps, of which cell wall disruption is a crucial step. Bead milling, high-pressure homogenization, ultra-sonication, freeze-drying, acid treatment, and enzymatic lysis are some methods of cell disruption. The cell disruption technique needs to be optimized based on the structure and biochemical composition of algae.Result: The lipid extraction efficiency varies depending on the algal species and the cell disruption technique used.Conclusion: In-depth research and development of new techniques are required to further enhance the cell disruption of the algal cell wall for the enhanced recovery of lipids. In addition, the operating costs and energy consumption should also be optimized for the cost-effective recovery

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING TABERNAEMONTANA DIVARICATA AND ITS CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AGAINST MCF-7 CELL LINE

Objective: Tabernaemontana divaricata a common garden plant on tropical countries has been used as a traditional medicine. There is an increasing commercial demand for nanoparticles due to their wide applicability in various areas such as electronics, catalysis, chemistry, energy, and medicine. Metallic nanoparticles are traditionally synthesized by wet chemical techniques, where the chemicals used are quite often toxic and flammable. In this work, we describe a cost effective and environment friendly technique for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from T. divaricata leaf extract. Methods: Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV– Vis absorption spectroscopy, TEM, FTIR and SEM analysis. Cytotoxicity of AgNPs was tested in human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Results: TEM analysis showed the average particle size of 22.85 nm as revealed in their structure. The qualitative assessment of reducing potential of leaf extract has also been carried out which indicated presence of significant amount of reducing entities. Green synthesized AgNPs by T. divaricata leaf extract show cytotoxicity to human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Conclusion: The most important outcome of this work will be the development of value-added products from T. divaricata. The characteristics of the obtained AgNPs were analysed which could be used potentially in various human contacting areas such as cosmetics, foods, and medical applications

Corrosion behaviour of TiB2 reinforced aluminium based in situ metal matrix composites

This paper focuses on corrosion characteristics of cast and forged aluminium 6061 based composites reinforced with TiB2 particles. Composites were synthesised by in situ technique using potassium hexafluorotitanate salt (K2TiF6) and potassium tetrafluroborate (KBF4) halide salts by stir casting route at a temperature of 850 °C. Cast aluminium alloy and its in situ composites were subjected to open die drop forging at a temperature of 500 °C. Both cast and forged alloy 6061 and in situ composites were then subjected to microstructure studies, salt spray test. Salt spray test was conducted as per ASTM B117 standard test procedure using 5% sodium chloride test solution. Result reveals that, forged alloy and its in situ composites exhibited improved corrosion resistance compared to cast ones

Dataset: How Accountability is Understood and Realized

The raw data and work database of our mapping study. The data can also be viewed here: https://acc.in.tum.de/accountability_2016

Preparation and evaluation of modified herbal “Kumkum Powder” to reduce allergic reactions

Sindoor is the mark of a married women in Hinduism. Along the parting-line of a woman's hair (also called mang in Hindi or simandarekha in Sanskrit) or as a dot on the forehead. While in Hinduism, sindoor is the sign of married women. Single women use bindis in a variety of colours for special events, but they do not use sindoor in their hairline parting. Sindoor is the sign of married women in hinduism. A wide prevalence of socio-religious practices in the Asian subcontinent develops multiple skin diseases which may missed by dermatologist because of lack of awareness.So there is need to develop natural products. ‘Kumkum’ application can result in pigmented contact dermatitis and lichen planus pigmentosus. Sticker ‘bindis’ and ‘alta’ induce contact leukoderma. Irritant and allergic contact dermatitis occurs due to synthetic dyes. Synthetically prepared sindoor unsafe levels of lead which may cause irritation to the skin herbal sindoor has active natural pigments which deliver intense colour that does not that find fade as the day wear on. The herbal sindoor  stays for long period without any irritation