Study of Calculus Pancreatitis

INTRODUCTION: Chronic calcific pancreatitis is a relentlessly progressive fibroin flammatory process, resulting in various amounts of destruction of endocrine and exocrine elements, which may eventually lead to pancreatic insufficiency. Abdominal pain which is excruciating and recurrent is dominant feature of chronic pancreatitis that initially brings most of the patients to physician’s attention. The pathogensis of pancreatic pain is often multifactorial and explains why not all patients respond to same mode of therapy. In contrast to the quantitatively huge interest stands. The fact that basic problem concerning the disease, the initial steps, the propagation, the mechanisms are still unsolved. This obvious defect in knowledge and understanding of what really going on, when individual get a chronic pancreatitis bears a profound influence on therapeutic approach to the disease. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To study the incidence of the chronic calculus pancreatitis at GRH, Madurai 2. To study the epidemiological patterns in relation to age, sex and place. 3. To study the different etiological factors and pattern of clinical presentations. 4. To know the outcome and response of the medical and surgical procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study of calculus pancreatitis was conducted in 77 patients admitted in GRH, Madurai, General Surgery and Surgical Gastroentereology department from 2008 to 2010. Informed consent was obtained from all patient who were included in the study. Inclusion Criteria: Study group include both male and females between the age group of 13 to 60 yrs with signs symptoms and radiological evidence of chronic calculus pancreatitis. Exclusion criteria: Patient with chronic pancreatitis associated malignancy were excluded from the study. Study Design: Each patient in the study was subjected to detailed clinical examination correlating with a detail history. Investigations in the form of routine hemogram, Liver Function Test, Pancreatic Function Test, and imaging studies like X rays, USG, CT abdomen and other investigations relevant to the suspected disease system involved were done. From the above clinical data and imaging studies chronic pancreatitis was diagnosed. Patients who requires surgical intervention were prepared and taken up for surgical procedure after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results were tabulated and analysed. CONCLUSION: In this prospective study which was conducted in 77 patients with chronic calculus pancreatitis at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai between 2008-2011 the following conclusions were derived out. 1. Panacreatic calculi occur much more commonly than is generally appreciated. 2. Most of patients presented in their 4th decade of life. 3. Males are affected more than females in the ratio of 4:1 4. In this study 31% of the patients are alcoholic the etiological factor in the remaining group of patients are undertermined, that may be attributed to nutritional, idiopathic, hereditary etc. 5. Surgical relief can be obtained, and this is the procedure of choice in severe cases. 6. Decompression surgery done in cases with ductal dillation more than 7mm

Security Privacy Process Involvement in Cloud Security for Data Preservation against Data Malicious Activity

Cloud data sent from the person is attacked, leading to data hacking. Data classification can be made by malware detection, leading to the data warehouse technique and data storage. The cloud data from a particular internet protocol address cannot be hacked. Only random cloud data is hacked. Even though this leads to some illegal issues. The method of managing the cloud data and maintaining the factor to hack illegal cloud data has been proposed. The method of malware detection and ML-based end-to-end malware detection are used in calculating the time efficiency. The malware detection and defence method has been introduced for managing the data tracking and the system's formation to hack unwanted data. The time efficiency calculation for the data transmitted in the network has been enabled for the cloud data sent and received. The data from each router makes the data store 12% of the unwanted compared to the original messages. The factor for managing the individual aspect to produce the data is 30% of the database. This will contain 20% of the data in formulating the cloud storage system, which makes the data classifications. 4% of redundant data from the database has been enveloped for the data classifications. Meanwhile, the data attack can be evaluated using the malware detector and also manages classification method for evaluation of data and formation of the system to produce data from the appearance of Secure data clouds

Fatty acid profile of fish scale of Catla catla

Fish scales are useful to ichthyologists for the purposes of classification, identification, age determination and history study. The fatty acid profile of the hexane extracts of the fresh water fish scale of Catla catla were analyzed by gas chromatography. Fish scales were collected from a local fish market, Chidambaram. The fatty acid profile was detected in the scales, with the following fatty acids dominating: 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3 and 18:4. The use of fatty acid profiling in fish scales has the potential for stock identification in addition to the identification of fish farm escapees.Key words: Fish scales, fatty acid, gas chromatography, Catla catla

Ultrafine grained materials through mechanical processing: an assessment

In this paper severe plastic deformation (SPD) and friction stir processing/ welding are examined. The structural changes due to SPD are reflected in improved mechanical properties. Advantages of SPD are pointed out. Within the SPD technique, a number of approaches are possible, e.g., equi-channel angular pressing/extrusion, high pressure torsion, accumulative roll bonding/fold - roll process, reciprocating extrusion - compression, cyclic close die forging, repetitive corrugation and straightening. Analyses available are elementary and often assume uniform stress and strain distribution. These processes are easily adapted to suit standard metal working equipment fitted with inexpensive devices and tools. However, scaling up the processes to handle large billets and achieve large tonnage production is difficult. In the near future, medium and small-scale industrial production only is likely. Friction stir process, a solid state technique for joining similar or dissimilar materials of equal or different thickness, has some key metallurgical, environmental and energy benefits. It is already being considered for applications in aerospace and automotive industries. Significant improvements in surface properties and superplastic flow have been established in friction stir processed materials. Velocity of tool movement and power input needed for fast rotation of the tool are the major variables. Since significant temperature rise is there during processing, in a proper analysis, the boundary conditions arising from thermal and mechanical constraints have to be satisfied simultaneously, which is an extremely difficult. A few key issues have to be addressed before large-scale production can be attempted. An integral approach that takes into account the total system of material, design, mechanics and component forming is likely to lead to industrially relevant solutions

Ultrafine grained materials through mechanical processing: An assessment

In this paper severe plastic deformation (SPD) and friction stir processing/ welding are examined. The structural changes due to SPD are reflected in improved mechanical properties. Advantages of SPD are pointed out. Within the SPD technique, a number of approaches are possible, e.g., equi-channel angular pressing/extrusion, high pressure torsion, accumulative roll bonding/fold - roll process, reciprocating extrusion – compression, cyclic close die forging, repetitive corrugation and straightening. Analyses available are elementary and often assume uniform stress and strain distribution. These processes are easily adapted to suit standard metal working equipment fitted with inexpensive devices and tools. However, scaling up the processes to handle large billets and achieve large tonnage production is difficult. In the near future, medium and small-scale industrial production only is likely. Friction stir process, a solid state technique for joining similar or dissimilar materials of equal or different thickness, has some key metallurgical, environmental and energy benefits. It is already being considered for applications in aerospace and automotive industries. Significant improvements in surface properties and superplastic flow have been established in friction stir processed materials. Velocity of tool movement and power input needed for fast rotation of the tool are the major variables. Since significant temperature rise is there during processing, in a proper analysis, the boundary conditions arising from thermal and mechanical constraints have to be satisfied simultaneously, which is an extremely difficult. A few key issues have to be addressed before large-scale production can be attempted. An integral approach that takes into account the total system of material, design, mechanics and component forming is likely to lead to industrially relevant solutions

Energy Crisis and Recent Technological Development in India

Now-a-days demand of the electricity is increasing. India has struggled to resolve its energy shortage problems for decades. As the country is now facing an exotic energy crisis, the drive to find effective long-term energy solutions is stronger now than ever before. Renewable energy resources such as wind and solar energy are abundant in India. It is environmental friendly and also low cost. Renewable energy is only the root causes of this demand. The present situation of the electricity production and its consumption in the country were discussed. The solar energy generation potential of India in different sectors to produce energy is viewed. Energy crisis of solar energy has been reporting in MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy). In our nation, we are using some types of solar scheme. Under that scheme solar park and solar rooftop are popularly in practice to produce solar energy. The importance of utilization of solar energy resources for the production of electric power. The production rate is high in Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan, but low in Meghalaya and Puducherry. These renewable energy resources can play an effective and also considerable role in contributing toward energy security of the country. Developments of solar technology in before and after independent were presented and the future developments were discussed. Some prediction is made on the basis of preliminary observations. The flow chart of an estimated forecast of demand and supply of electricity for the next ten years is also projected in this paper. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Solar Energy, Power Production, total installation, Renewable energy sources (RES), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), solar technolog

Vibrational control of air suspension system using PID controller

This paper deals with modeling and evaluation of suspension system with a pneumatic actuator controlled by Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. A non-linear mathematical model of the dynamic suspension system with two degrees of freedom is developed. The controller is designed by setting proper gain values obtained by comparing three tuning methods - Ziegler Nicolas, Refined Ziegler Nicolas and Optimal control. The time response of the air suspension system is contrasted with the passive suspension system due to the road disturbance modeled as a single bump input. The proposed model limits suspension travel, minimizes passenger acceleration and keeps body displacement within bound