Testing two-phase transition signaling based self-timed circuits in a synthesis environment

Journal ArticleThe problem of testing self-timed circuits generated by an automatic synthesis system is studied. Two-phase transition signalling is assumed and the circuits are targetted for an asynchronous macromodule based implementation as in [?, ?, ?, ?]. The partitioning of the circuits into control blocks, function blocks, and predicate (conditional) blocks, originally conceived for synthesis purpose, is found to be very elegant and appropriate for test generation. The problem of data dependent control flow is solved by introducing a new macromodule called SCANSELECT (SELECT with scan). Algorithms for test generation are based on the Petri-net like representation of the physical circuit. The techniques are illustrated on the high-level synthesis system called SHILPA being developed by the Author's

Stronger Tradeoffs for Orthogonal Range Querying in the Semigroup Model

In this paper, we focus on lower bounds for data structures supporting orthogonal range querying on m points in n-dimensions in the semigroup model. Such a data structure usually maintains a family of "canonical subsets" of the given set of points and on a range query, it outputs a disjoint union of the appropriate subsets. Fredman showed that in order to prove lower bounds in the semigroup model, it suffices to prove a lower bound on a certain combinatorial tradeoff between two parameters: (a) the total sizes of the canonical subsets, and (b) the total number of canonical subsets required to cover all query ranges. In particular, he showed that the arithmetic mean of these two parameters is Omega(m log^n m). We strengthen this tradeoff by showing that the geometric mean of the same two parameters is Omega(m log^n m). Our second result is an alternate proof of Fredman\u27s tradeoff in the one dimensional setting. The problem of answering range queries using canonical subsets can be formulated as factoring a specific boolean matrix as a product of two boolean matrices, one representing the canonical sets and the other capturing the appropriate disjoint unions of the former to output all possible range queries. In this formulation, we can ask what is an optimal data structure, i.e., a data structure that minimizes the sum of the two parameters mentioned above, and how does the balanced binary search tree compare with this optimal data structure in the two parameters? The problem of finding an optimal data structure is a non-linear optimization problem. In one dimension, Fredman\u27s result implies that the minimum value of the objective function is Omega(m log m), which means that at least one of the parameters has to be Omega(m log m). We show that both the parameters in an optimal solution have to be Omega(m log m). This implies that balanced binary search trees are near optimal data structures for range querying in one dimension. We derive intermediate results on factoring matrices, not necessarily boolean, while trying to minimize the norms of the factors, that may be of independent interest

Fertigation for efficient water and nutrient management in high density cashew plantation

An experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of fertigation for increasing the productivity of cashew under high density planting system (625 plants/ha). The optimal rate of fertilizer application was found as 125 g N, 31.25 g P2O5 and 31.25 g K2O/tree/ year through fertigation and 2 kg castor cake/tree through soil application (M3). The highest mean cashew nut yield of 2 t/ha/year and 1.96 t/ha/year was in treatments with 50% of recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) through fertigation and 4 kg castor cake/ tree through soil application (M6) and the treatment with half the aforesaid dose (M3). The protein content was high in fertigation treatment with 50 % RDF and 4 kg neem cake/tree( M5) (42.6 %), followed by M6 and M3 (40.7 and 40.2 %,respectively). In soil application with drip irrigation separately, the nut yield ranged from 1.45 to 1.73 t/ha/year and protein content from 35.9 to 38.9 %, respectively. The lowest nut yield of 1.12 t/ha/year was in absolute control and the lowest protein content of 35.9 and 36.2 % were in M9 and absolute control, respectively. Fertigation increased the nut weight to 7.0 g, apple weight to 76.9 g and the shelling percentage to 30.06 compared to soil application with a nut weight of 6.8 g, apple weight of 70.8 g and a shelling percentage of 29.5 and absolute control with a nut weight of 6.7 g, apple weight of 69.4 g and a shelling percentage of 28.8, respectively. The highest net profits of Rs. 49,367/ha/year and Rs. 47,393/ha/year were also from fertigation plots M4 (RDF through fertigation) and M3. The net profit from absolute control (M13) was Rs.32,425/ha/year. In soil application treatments with drip irrigation separately (M7 to M12), the net profit ranged from Rs.32,235 to Rs.40,417/ha/year. Soil and water conservation measures with mulching conserved soil moisture and reduced the optimal irrigation requirement to 20% Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE). Hence, increased irrigation rates (40 and 60 % CPE) did not have any significant effect on growth of cashew plants, nut weight, shelling percentage, yield etc. The levels of minor and micronutrients of the soil and defatted cashew kernel flour in fertigation treatments were on par with soil application with separate drip irrigation and were high compared to absolute control (except Zn). Different irrigation rates did not have significant effect on kernel N, P, K, Ca and Mg content but increased irrigation (20 to 40% CPE) increased the concentration of most of the major and micro nutrients present in leaf

Evaluation of correction of kyphotic deformity in dorso-lumbar spinal injuries by posterior stabilization with pedicular screw rod fixation

Background: Acute injury to dorso-lumbar spine is the second most frequent site after cervical spine in adults. The injury, although not associated with high mortality, causes severe morbidity. The management of the traumatic dorso-lumbar spine injuries has improved considerably in the last few years. The objective of the study was to evaluate correction of kyphotic deformity in dorso-lumbar spinal injuries by posterior stabilization with pedicular screw rod fixation.Methods: The study includes 52 patients with dorso-lumbar spinal injuries with or without neurological deficit treated between 2006 and 2014. Pre and postoperative kyphosis was measured by Cobb’s method on plain radiographs. Pre and postoperative neurological status was evaluated based on Frankel’s classification. All un-stable dorso-lumbar spine injuries where two or more columns are involved on X-ray and CT scan were included in the present study.Results: Majority of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years (38.5%) followed by 31-40 years (30.8%). Males were more than females. The most common mode of injury was road traffic injury in 71.2% of the cases. The most common level of injury was at L1 in 28.8% of the cases followed by at level D12 in 25% of the cases. In all the groups the mean kyphosis angle is reduced significantly. Overall the improvement rate was 94.2% and failure rate was only 5.8%.Conclusions: In conclusion the posterior reduction and internal fixation is a useful procedure in the treatment of the acute injuries of the dorsolumbar spine.

Quad Band Microstrip Antenna for Mobile and GNSS Application

In various applications, multiband are desirable. This Paper presents the design of a Quad microstrip patch antenna. For this project is use of quad frequency for GSM and IRNSS band. In this system GSM and IRNSS band combine and use at a one platform. The substrate material FR4 is selected for microstrip patch antenna design. An analysis of the return loss, gain of the proposed antenna is carried out using ADS (Advanced Design System) software. The result shows that the return loss of 22.81 dB is achieved at first resonant frequency of 850-900MHz, 19.54 dB at second resonant frequency of 1.84 GHz, 21.08 dB at third resonant frequency of 1.13 GHz, 20.66 dB at forth resonant frequency of 2.5 GHz

Damage Assessment Software Program

The software package described here deals with the assessment of damage inflicted by missiles carrying pre-fragmented, bomblet, incendiary, runway-denial penetration submunition (RDPS), smart munition, and terminallyguided submunition warhead. The targets to be neutralised could be static, semistatic or mobile, like runways,bridges, bunkers, armoured tanks, soft-skinned vehicles, and personnel. This is graphical user interface(GUI)-based software, where the user can specify the target dimensions, target types, the number of missiles, its aimpoint, the type of warhead and the mode of operation. The software gives the number of targets that have beenneutralised effectively, as the output. This GUI-based software has been developed using Microsoft Visual Basic,Version 6.0.Defence Science Journal, 2008, 58(6), pp.745-751, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.58.170

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria - an overview.

There have been sporadic reports of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing disease in the early part of this century. isolation of NTM from patients with pulmonary disease became more common after sputum culture for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis had become routine by the 1950s1. Since then important strides have been made in the taxonomy and identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, as well as clarifying their role as human pathogens and importance in human pulmonary disease. It is now well established that mycobacteria other than mammalian tubercle bacilli and M.leprae. are important human pathogens.2,3 Various names have been suggested for this group of organisms such as para-tubercle bacilli, pseudotubercle bacilli, unclassified mycobacteria, anonymous mycobacteria, atypical mycobacteria, opportunistic mycobacteria, tuberculoid mycobacteria and mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli (MOTT). The name non - tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), now used by the International Working Group on Mycobacterial Taxonomy (IWGMT) is gradually gaining acceptance among mycobacteriologists

Acoustical-Mode-Driven Electron-Phonon Coupling in Transition-Metal Diborides

We show that the electron-phonon coupling in the transition-metal diborides NbB2 and TaB2 is dominated by the longitudinal acoustical (LA) mode, in contrast to the optical E_{2g} mode dominated coupling in MgB2. Our ab initio results, described in terms of phonon dispersion, linewidth, and partial electron-phonon coupling along Gamma to A, also show that (i) NbB2 and TaB2 have a relatively weak electron-phonon coupling, (ii) the E_{2g} linewidth is an order of magnitude larger in MgB2 than in NbB2 or TaB2, (iii) the E_{2g} frequency in NbB2 and TaB2 is considerably higher than in MgB2, and (iv) the LA frequency at A for TaB2 is almost half of that of MgB2 or NbB2.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, and 1 tabl