Neural Web Based Human Recognition

Face detection is one of the challenging problems in the image processing. A novel face detection system is presented in this paper. The approach relies on skin-based color features xtracted from two dimensional Discrete Cosine Transfer (DCT) and neural networks, which can be used to detect faces by using skin color from DCT coefficient of Cb and Cr feature vectors. This system contains the skin color which is the main feature of faces for detection, and then the skin face candidate is examined by using the neural networks, which learn from the feature of faces to classify whether the original image includes a face or not. The processing is based on normalization and Discrete Cosin Transfer. Finally the classification based on neural networks approach. The experiment results on upright frontal color face images from the internet show an excellent detection rate

Web Crippling of Cold Formed Steel Members

A new design expression for web crippling of cold formed steel members has been developed. An extensive statistical analysis was performed using published test data from Canada, the United States, Sweden and France to develop new expressions for the web crippling strength of cold formed steel members under four different loading cases, i.e. (1) end one-flange loading (EOF), (2) interior one-flange loading (lOF), (3) end two-flange loading (ETF) and (4) interior two-flange loading (lTF). I-sections made of two channels connected back-to-back, Z-sections, channels and multiple web sections (decks) were considered. Comparisons were made with the web crippling expressions presented in the Canadian Standard for the design of cold formed steel structural members, CAN/CSA-S136-M89 (from here on referred to as S136) and with the 1991 LRFD edition of the American Iron and Steel Institute Specification (from here on referred to as AlSI). The web crippling strength depends primarily on the web thickness (t), the yield strength (Fy), the inside bend radius (r), the bearing length of the load (n), the flat dimension of the web measured in the plane of the web (h) and the angle between the plane of web and the plane of the bearing surface (θ). The definition of web depth, h, in both current design standards in Canada (SI36) and the United States (AlSI) was incorporated in the development of the new expressions. The new developed expression is nondimensional, therefore any consistent units of measurement can be used such as imperial or SI. Certain unnecessary complexities which now exist in both design standards have been removed to simplify the web crippling expressions. Eight simplified new expressions have been \u27developed and one particular expression is recommended for design, which has already been adopted by the 1994 edition of S136

Cutaneous manifestations in renal transplant recipients

INTRODUCTION: Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for better quality of life in end stage renal disease patients. The long term success of renal transplantation depends largely on the prevention of allograft rejection. In renal transplant patients, a state of generalized non-specific immunosuppression has been induced to prevent the rejection of graft by using various drugs (such as corticosteroids, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil). The immunosuppress ion induced by drugs to prevent the graft rejection renders the renal transplant recipients more susceptible to bacterial, viral and fungal infections and predisposes to the various dermatosis, premalignant and malignant skin conditions which may cause significant morbidity and mortality. The consequence of immunosuppress ion differs markedly with geographic allocation, racial group and skin type. The present study is undertaken to find the prevalence and to identify spectrum of skin diseases in renal transplant recipients in our centre. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To study the prevalence of cutaneous diseases in Renal Transplant Recipients. 2. To study the various dermatosis in Renal Transplant Recipients. 3. To study the incidence and types of cutaneous infections in Renal Transplant Recipients. 4. To study the cutaneous side effects of immunosuppressive drugs in Renal Transplant Recipients. 5. To correlate the duration of the immunosuppressive therapy that predisposed to various dermatosis in Renal Transplant Reipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study spanned a course of one year from December 2012 to November 2012. During this period, 80 renal transplant recipients on systemic immunosuppressive therapy attending the Department of Nephrology and Dermatology were screened. The detailed history of each patient was noted with reference to age and sex, symptomatology and duration of skin manifestations, dose and duration of immunosuppressive agents, date of transplantation and family history of similar lesions. The patients were examined thoroughly for all cutaneous manifestations. The duration of the cutaneous lesions, the size and extent of involvement were noted. In patients with dermatophytosis the morphology of lesion with reference to presence of inflammation, well defined or ill defined margin and central clearance were recorded. Those patients in whom the infection lasted for more than one year in spite of adequate treatment were classified as cases of chronic dermatophytosis. All the patients were subjected to routine hematologic investigations like complete haemogram, standard biochemical 40 investigations like blood sugar, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes, calcium and phosphate levels. Detailed urine examination was carried out in all of them. Screening for HIV was also done in all the renal transplant recipients. Mycological investigations in cases of fungal infections included microscopic examination of skin scales, mucosal scraping, pus and touch smear from skin biopsy were done after adding 10% Potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Nail scraping material was examined under light microscopy after adding 40% KOH in suspected cases of onchyomycosis. Gram stain and Ziehl Nielson stain were done in all suspected cases of cutaneous infection. Tzanck smear was done in vesiculobullous skin lesions. In willing patients, skin biopsy was done and the specimens were stained with haemotoxylin and eosin (H&E) and in required cases special stains like Periodic-ac id Schiff (PAS) Gomori’s methenamine silver (GMS) were used to confirm the diagnosis. Appropriate treatment was given for all the renal transplant patients presented with cutaneous lesions. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of skin lesions in renal transplant recipients was found to be high. Among the screened patients, most common manifestation were fungal infections, followed by drug induced cutaneous changes, viral infections and bacterial infections. The superficial fungal infections like pityriasis versicolor, dermatophytosis and candidiasis were commonly encountered, of which pityriasis versicolor was the commonest, followed by dermatophytosis. The renal transplant recipients could be considered as a high risk group for the infection with malessezia and dermatophyte. Candidiasis was less frequently seen in kidney transplant patients. There is an increased incidence of phaeohypomycosis in renal transplant patients on prolonged immunosuppression. Herpes zoster and verruca vulgaris were the commonest viral infections seen in renal transplant patients. Among the bacterial infections, the commonest was furunculosis followed by impetigo. In drug induced cutaneous changes, cushingoid facies were commonly seen, followed by striae and acneiform eruptions. Gum9hyperplasia and hypertrichosis were commonly seen in cyclosporine containing drug regimen. The drug induced cutaneous changes w ere less common after one year of post transplantation. In the initial 6 months of post transplant period commonly observed cutaneous manifestations were candidiasis, herpeslabialis, chickenpox, furunculosis and acneiform eruptions. Pityriasis versicolor lesions w ere frequently seen during the 7 to 12 months of post transplant period. The dermatophytosis, herpes zoster and verruca vulgaris were commonly manifested between 7 to 24 months of post transplant period. The anticipation of certain cutaneous lesions in the particular phase of post transplant interval and early diagnosis and treatment will improve the quality of life in renal transplant recipients

Methyl 2-methyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C5H7N3O2, all non-H atoms lie in a common plane, with a maximum deviation of 0.061 (2)° for the ester methyl C atom. The structure is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION GEL FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF TRAMADOL

Objective: The present work was carried out to design microemulsion gel system for transdermal delivery of the drug to minimize the side effects and to reduce the frequency of administration and for prolonging the duration of action. Methods: Tramadol, an opioid analgesic drug, was mixed with various selected polymers such as sodium alginate (SA), acacia, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and Eudragit in geometric mixing ratios. The drug, polymer, and other excipients were mixed thoroughly by trituration method and different formulations (F1-F8) were prepared the same quantity of all the ingredients excepting the polymers. Results: The different formulations prepared, studied, and showed that the formulation using SA as polymeric carrier had a better effect on the evaluated parameters. The drug-SA formulation exhibited better drug-polymer compatibility, optimal viscosity (2750 cps), zeta potential (−26.1 Mv), and particle size distribution (262.8 d.nm) values. The in vitro release studies also indicated that the drug-SA formulation was of desirable release pattern, thus indicating that SA to be a better choice in formulating a transdermal delivery gel system. Conclusion: Evaluated microemulsion gel formulation F2 of tramadol with polymeric carriers SA was much stable than other carriers used. Thus, it could be concluded that the gel formulation with SA can be taken as an ideal formulation

ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF CHITTERI HILLS OF EASTERN GHATS IN DHARMAPURI DISTRICT-TAMILNADU

Flora and fauna diversities are two facts components of biodiversity which covers the variety and variability of species. A survey was conducted to study the rare plants of chitteri hills, Tamil Nadu, India. 96 Plants Belonging to 48 Family, 90 Genus and 96 species were Documented Plants totally were under thorough investigation. Of these monocots are represented by 7 species belonging to 7 genera and 4 families, while dicot contributed by 87 species belonging to 82 genera and 39 families, Ferns 2 families and 2 genera, Fungi 1 family and 1 Genera. Plant species were recorded and identified during the survey. The results show that the habitat of plants belongs to herbs, shrubs and tree species. But, we have observed only minimum tree species. Of these monocots are represented by 7 species belonging to 7 genera and 4 families, while dicots contributed by 87 species belonging to 82 genera and 39 families, Ferns 2 families and 2 genera, Fungi 1 family and 1 Genera. The study decipts that Chitteri Hills have different variety of plants distributed all over the mountain

Estimation of soil carbon pools under major cropping systems of Mayiladuthurai district of Cauvery Delta Zone, Tamil Nadu, India

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a potential indicator of soil quality and ecosystem sustainability. The present study aimed to evaluate SOC pools under major cropping systems of Mayiladuthurai district of Tamil Nadu. The composite samples were collected from two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) by stratified random sampling and were analysed for pH, EC (Electrical conductivity), C fractions, inorganic carbon and permanganate oxidisable carbon by standard procedures. The SOC content under different land use was in the order of Forestry > Rice – pulses > Rice – cotton > Sugarcane > Uncultivated. The mean SOC content of the study area was 12.58 Mg ha-1, where the majority of the area falls under low to medium rating of SOC. Hence, cultivation practices should incorporate activities that increase SOC to maintain soil quality. SOC was positively correlated with fractions of carbon – CVL (r = 0.37**), CL (r = 0.65**) and CLL (r = 0.58**), indicating changes in land use would affect the carbon dynamics of the ecosystem. The root biomass, aeration status, microbial activity, nutrient reserves and inherent soil characteristics influenced SOC to decrease with depth. The PCA analysis revealed that the variation in carbon dynamics of the study area was influenced by SOC, CLC, CLL and non-labile carbon due to differences in land management practices. Therefore, such soil management practices will be a powerful tool to sequester carbon, which supplements climate change mitigation

Microstructural characterization of friction stir welded AA5083 aluminum alloy joints

The objective of the current work is to apply Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to enhance the welding process factors for friction stir welding (FSW) of AA5083 aluminium alloy plates. Using a randomized procedure, the Taguchi orthogonal array was implemented to identify the FSW process parameters such as the rotating speed of the tool, welding speed, and tilting angle of the tool. The optimum welding parameters for the ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the joints were predicted and the individual rank of each process parameter on the ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the friction stir weld was assessed by investigative ANOVA results and the S/N ratio (signal-to- noise ratio). The most desirable rotational speed of the tool, welding speed and tilting angle of the tool were 600 rev. per. min, 70 millimeter/min and 1o appropriately for the ultimate eluting strength and 600 rev. per. min, 80 millimeter/min and 1o correspondingly for summit joint hardness. The outcomes of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) designated that the tilting angle of the tool has the higher statistical effect succeeded by the welding velocity and rotational speed of the tool. Furthermore, metallurgical properties of the weld cross-sections were investigated by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The microstructure of the stir zone reveals finer grain structure, directed to the higher hardness, which gives rise to higher tensile strength