Are ABH antigenic determinants on human outer ear canal epithelium responsible for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections?

The outer ear canal expression of ABH human blood group antigens has been analyzed with a standardized routine histological procedure by monoclonal antibodies in the case of blood groups A and B, and a corresponding lectin in the case of blood group 0, respectively. In all 20 cases the blood groups were histochemically confirmed. Furthermore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa-specific inhibition experiments were performed with different sugar solutions as well as A-like substance incubating outer ear canal tissue sections with P. aeruginosa strain (No. 60) presenting lectin specificity for N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc). P. aeruginosa lectins with GalNAc specificity apparently adhere to GalNAc as terminal blood group A determinant and indicate that patients presenting with blood group A may have a genetic predisposition to this form of otitis externa

Blood group phenotype determines lectin-mediated adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human outer ear canal epithelium

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent bacterial pathogen causing acute diffuse otitis externa. In a recent prospective phase II study we demonstrated that lectin-mediated bacterial adhesion can be blocked by receptor-analogue carbohydrates in patients suffering from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute otitis externa. In this investigation, human ABO blood group antigens were analysed on outer ear canal epithelial cells with standard routine histological procedures by monoclonal antibodies for the blood groups A and B, and with Ulex europaeus I lectin for the blood group O, respectively. In all cases (n = 20) the blood groups could be shown immunohistologically. P. aeruginosa-specific adhesion and inhibition assays were performed in the presence of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), D-mannose and A-like substance. Outer ear canal tissue sections were incubated with P. aeruginosa (strain PA 60), presenting lectin-specificity for GalNAc. Sections from patients presenting with blood group A were closely settled with bacteria in the presence of non-specific GlcNAc, D-mannose and PBS however, GalNAc and A-like substance inhibited the microbial adhesion. Amongst others, P. aeruginosa present adhesion molecules (lectins) with specificity for GalNAc. Thus, the correlation between blood group A phenotype and P. aeruginosa-induced acute diffuse otitis externa was investigated. Statistical evaluation proved a highly significant association. These data support the hypothesis that P. aeruginosa lectins with GalNAc specificity apparently adhere to GalNAc moieties, representing the terminal blood group A-determinant and further indicate that patients presenting with blood group A may have a genetic disposition for this form of otitis externa

Influence of plasma pretreatment on shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to polyetheretherketone

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the adhesion between PEEK and two self-adhesive resin cements after plasma treatment. METHODS: Eight hundred sixty-four polyetheretherketone (PEEK) disks were cut and polished to silicon carbide (SIC) P4000. One half of the specimens were randomly selected and pretreated with plasma, whereas the remaining 432 specimens remained untreated. Subsequently, specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 108/group): Visio.link (Bredent), Signum PEEK Bond (Heraeus Kulzer), Ambarino P60 (Creamed), and a control group without additional treatment. Half of the specimens of each group (n = 54) were then cemented with either RelyX Unicem Automix 2 (3 M ESPE) or with Clearfil SA (Kuraray). All specimens were stored in water for 24 h (37 °C). Afterwards, specimens were divided into three groups (n = 18) for different aging levels: (1) no aging (baseline measurement), (2) thermal aging for 5,000 cycles (5/55 °C), and (3) thermal aging for 10,000 cycles (5/55 °C). Thereafter, shear bond strengths (SBS) were measured, and failure types (adhesive, mixed, and cohesive) were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, four- and one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Scheffé test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: No adhesion could be established without adhesive pretreatment, irrespectively, whether plasma was applied or not. Also, no bond strength was measured when Ambarino P60 was applied. In contrast, adhesive pretreatment resulted in SBS ranging between 8 and 15 MPa. No significant differences were found between the resin cements used. In general, no cohesive failures were observed. Groups without plasma treatment combined with Visio.link or Signum PEEK Bond showed predominantly mixed failure types. Control groups, plasma treated, or treated using Ambarino P60 groups fractured predominantly adhesively. CONCLUSION: The use of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based adhesives allows bonding between PEEK and self-adhesive resin cements. Plasma treatment has no impact on bond to resin cements. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: PEEK reconstructions can be cemented using self-adhesive resin cements combined with pretreatment with MMA-based adhesives

Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of a zirconia-reinforced ceramic to composite resin Efeito de tratamentos de superfície sobre a resistência de união entre cerâmica reforçada por zircônia e resina composta

The objective of this study was to evaluate the tensile (sigmat) and shear bond strength (sigmas) of a glass-infiltrated alumina-based zirconia-reinforced ceramic (IZ - Vita In-Ceram Zirconia) to a composite resin, testing the hypothesis that silica coating (SC - Cojet, 3M-Espe) produces higher bond strength values than other ceramic surface treatments. Specimens were fabricated and tested according to the manufacturers' instructions, and to ISO6872 and ISO11405 specifications. Sixty IZ disk specimens were polished through 1 µm and divided into 3 groups (n = 20) according to the following surface treatments: HF - 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (Ultradent) for 1 min; SB - sandblasting with 25-µm aluminum oxide particles for 10 s; SC - silica coating for 10 s. Silane (3M-Espe), adhesive (Single Bond, 3M-Espe) and a composite resin cylinder (Z100, 3M-Espe) were applied and polymerized to the treated bonding area (3.5 mm in diameter). Ten specimens from each group (n = 10) were tested for sigmat and ten specimens were tested for sigmas, using a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 2000) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (alpha = 0.05). The mean and standard deviation values (MPa) and statistical groupings for sigmat were: HF - 3.5 &plusmn; 1.0a; SB - 7.6 &plusmn; 1.2b; and SC - 10.4 &plusmn; 1.8c. For sigmas, the values were: HF - 10.4 &plusmn; 3.1A; SB - 13.9 &plusmn; 3.1B; and SC - 21.6 &plusmn; 1.7C (p < 0.05). The groups presented the same statistical ranking of mean values for both test methods. The SC-treated IZ ceramic presented a significant increase in mean bond strength values for both test methods, confirming the study hypothesis.<br>O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência adesiva à tração (sigmat) e ao cisalhamento (sigmas) de uma cerâmica à base de alumina infiltrada por vidro e reforçada com zircônia (IZ- Vita In-Ceram Zircônia) à resina composta, testando a hipótese de que o sistema de silicatização (SC- Cojet, 3M-ESPE) produz valores maiores de resistência adesiva do que demais tratamentos de superfície utilizados. Sessenta corpos-de-prova (cp) em forma de disco da IZ foram fabricados e testados de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes e as normas ISO6872 e ISO11405. Após polimento até 1 µm, os cp foram divididos em 3 grupos (n = 20) de acordo com o tratamento de superfície aplicado: HF - ácido hidrofluorídrico a 9,5% (Ultradent) por 1 min; SB - jateamento com óxido de alumínio 25 µm por 10 s; SC - silicatização por 10 s. Silano (3M-Espe), adesivo (Single Bond, 3M-Espe) e um cilindro resinoso (Z100, 3M-Espe) foram aplicados na área de adesão (3,5 mm de diâmetro) e fotoativados. Dez cp por grupo (n = 10) foram testados para sigmat e os outros 10 cp para sigmas em uma máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC DL 2000) com velocidade de 1 mm/min. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e Tukey (alfa = 0,05). Os valores médios e desvio padrão (MPa) para sigmat foram: HF - 3,5 &plusmn; 1,0a; SB - 7,6 &plusmn; 1,2b; SC - 10,4 &plusmn; 1,8c. Para sigmas, os resultados foram: HF - 10,4 &plusmn; 3,1A; SB - 13,9 &plusmn; 3,1B; SC - 21,6 &plusmn; 1,7C (p < 0,05). Os grupos mostraram o mesmo ranqueamento estatístico de valores em ambos os testes. A IZ tratada com SC demonstrou aumento significativo na média de resistência adesiva em ambos os testes, confirmando a hipótese inicial