15,965 research outputs found
Cognitive psychopathology: The role of emotion
This paper examines the role of emotion in the
understanding of psychopathology. The influential
Cognitive Therapy model of Beck is briefly reviewed
and a number of limitations are considered. Two
particular weaknesses are highlighted in the
understanding of cognitive psychopathology; namely,
the importance of multi-level processing systems and
the importance of emotion. The Power and Dalgleish
(1997, 2008) SPAARS model is presented to show the
advantages that arise from the inclusion of multilevel
processes combined with a theoretical account of
emotion. In order to illustrate the application of the
SPAARS model to cognitive psychopathology,
findings from a recent emotion profile analysis of
clinical depression and anxiety are summarised. The
analyses also illustrate the importance of shamerelated
emotions in depression in contrast to the guiltrelated
emotions that are highlighted in classification
systems such as DSM-IV. ------ RESUMO ------ Neste artigo fazemos uma reflexão sobre o papel da
emoção na compreensão da psicopatologia. Fazemos
uma breve revisão e apontamos uma série de
limitações. do influente modelo da Psicoterapia
Cognitiva preconizado por Beck.
Dois pontos particularmente fracos são destacados
na compreensão da psicopatologia cognitiva;
nomeadamente, a importância dos sistemas de
processamento multi-nível e a importância das
emoções. Apresentamos o modelo SPAARS de Power
e Dalgleish (1997, 2008), para mostrar as vantagens
que resultam da inclusão de processos de multi-nível
combinados com uma teoria relacionada com as
emoções.
Com o objectivo de ilustrar a aplicação do modelo
SPAARS à psicopatologia cognitiva.
Referimos, de forma sucinta, o que foi observado
numa recente analise sobre o perfil da depressão e
ansiedade clínicas.
Estas analises ilustram também a importância das
emoções relacionadas com a vergonha na depressão,
em contraste com as emoções relacionadas com a
culpa que são destacadas em sistemas de classificação
como o DSM-IV
Exposing the evidence gap for complementary and alternative medicine to be integrated into science-based medicine.
When people who advocate integrating conventional science-based medicine with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are confronted with the lack of evidence to support CAM they counter by calling for more research, diverting attention to the 'package of care' and its non-specific effects, and recommending unblinded 'pragmatic trials'. We explain why these responses cannot close the evidence gap, and focus on the risk of biased results from open (unblinded) pragmatic trials. These are clinical trials which compare a treatment with 'usual care' or no additional care. Their risk of bias has been overlooked because the components of outcome measurements have not been taken into account. The components of an outcome measure are the specific effect of the intervention and non-specific effects such as true placebo effects, cognitive measurement biases, and other effects (which tend to cancel out when similar groups are compared). Negative true placebo effects ('frustrebo effects') in the comparison group, and cognitive measurement biases in the comparison group and the experimental group make the non-specific effect look like a benefit for the intervention group. However, the clinical importance of these effects is often dismissed or ignored without justification. The bottom line is that, for results from open pragmatic trials to be trusted, research is required to measure the clinical importance of true placebo effects, cognitive bias effects, and specific effects of treatments
Controlled Natural Language Processing as Answer Set Programming: an Experiment
Most controlled natural languages (CNLs) are processed with the help of a
pipeline architecture that relies on different software components. We
investigate in this paper in an experimental way how well answer set
programming (ASP) is suited as a unifying framework for parsing a CNL, deriving
a formal representation for the resulting syntax trees, and for reasoning with
that representation. We start from a list of input tokens in ASP notation and
show how this input can be transformed into a syntax tree using an ASP grammar
and then into reified ASP rules in form of a set of facts. These facts are then
processed by an ASP meta-interpreter that allows us to infer new knowledge
Dynamics and Asymptotics of Correlations in a Many-Body Localized System
We examine the dynamics of nearest-neighbor bipartite concurrence and total
correlations in the spin-1/2 model with random fields. We show, starting
from factorized random initial states, that the concurrence can suffer
entanglement sudden death in the long time limit and therefore may not be a
useful indicator of the properties of the system. In contrast, we show that the
total correlations capture the dynamics more succinctly, and further reveal a
fundamental difference in the dynamics governed by the ergodic versus many-body
localized phases, with the latter exhibiting dynamical oscillations. Finally,
we consider an initial state composed of several singlet pairs and show that by
fixing the correlation properties, while the dynamics do not reveal noticeable
differences between the phases, the long-time values of the correlation
measures appear to indicate the critical region.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Close to published versio
Strain-Modified RKKY Interaction in Carbon Nanotubes
For low-dimensional metallic structures, such as nanotubes, the exchange
coupling between localized magnetic dopants is predicted to decay slowly with
separation. The long-range character of this interaction plays a significant
role in determining the magnetic order of the system. It has previously been
shown that the interaction range depends on the conformation of the magnetic
dopants in both graphene and nanotubes. Here we examine the RKKY interaction in
carbon nanotubes in the presence of uniaxial strain for a range of different
impurity configurations. We show that strain is capable of amplifying or
attenuating the RKKY interaction, significantly increasing certain interaction
ranges, and acting as a switch: effectively turning on or off the interaction.
We argue that uniaxial strain can be employed to significantly manipulate
magnetic interactions in carbon nanotubes, allowing an interplay between
mechanical and magnetic properties in future spintronic devices. We also
examine the dimensional relationship between graphene and nanotubes with
regards to the decay rate of the RKKY interaction.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitte
Prevalence of BoHV-1 seropositive and BVD virus positive bulls on Irish dairy farms and associations between bull purchase and herd status
peer-reviewedBackground
BVD and IBR are contagious viral diseases highly prevalent in Irish cattle. Despite their significant reproductive and economic impact very little is known about the BVD and IBR status of stock bulls (a bull used for breeding purposes). There are still a high proportion of dairy farms in Ireland that rely on the use of a bull for breeding cattle and ensuring the fertility of the bulls is of paramount importance for the efficiency of the farms. The prevalence of BoHV-1 and BVD in stock bulls in Irish dairy herds has never been investigated. The objectives of this study therefore were: (i) to provide descriptive, observational data on the use of stock bulls on Irish dairy farms; (ii) to investigate the BVD and BoHV1 status of a sub-set of stock bulls; (iii) to investigate factors associated with BVD and BoHV1 status of stock bulls and (iv) to investigate factors associated with dairy herd status for BVD and BoHV1, including any associations with the use of stock bull.
A total of 529 blood samples from bulls involved in the dairy breeding process were analysed for BVD virus using RT-PCR, and BoHV-1 antibodies by ELISA test. A total of 305 different dairy herds took part in the study and the overall BVD and BoHV-1 herd status was determined by ELISA using four bulk tank milk samples over the 2009 lactation. Logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between the stock bulls and BVD and BoHV-1 herd and individual status.
Results
Of the 305 total participating farms, 235 farms (77 %) had at least one bull and 167 farms had purchased bulls. Two bulls (0.4 %) out of 529 tested were found positive for BVD virus and 87 (16.7 %) tested seropositive for BoHV-1. Some significant associations were identified between the purchase of bulls and both viral diseases. Purchased bulls were three times more likely to be seropositive for BoHV-1 than homebred bulls. In the same way, herds with purchased bulls were three times more likely to be classified as seropositive for BVD and four times more likely to have evidence of recent BoHV-1 circulation than farms where all the bulls were homebred.
Conclusions
The prevalence of BoHV-1 and BVD in stock bulls in Irish dairy herds has never been investigated. This study highlights the widespread use of stock bulls in Irish dairy herds, as well as the high rate of exchange of bulls between farms. Significant associations were found between the origin of the bull and their serological BoHV-1 status. In keeping with these results, bulls with higher number movements between farms were more likely to be seropositive for BoHV-1
Magnetization profile for impurities in graphene nanoribbons
The magnetic properties of graphene-related materials and in particular the
spin-polarised edge states predicted for pristine graphene nanoribbons (GNRs)
with certain edge geometries have received much attention recently due to a
range of possible technological applications. However, the magnetic properties
of pristine GNRs are not predicted to be particularly robust in the presence of
edge disorder. In this work, we examine the magnetic properties of GNRs doped
with transition-metal atoms using a combination of mean-field Hubbard and
Density Functional Theory techniques. The effect of impurity location on the
magnetic moment of such dopants in GNRs is investigated for the two principal
GNR edge geometries - armchair and zigzag. Moment profiles are calculated
across the width of the ribbon for both substitutional and adsorbed impurities
and regular features are observed for zigzag-edged GNRs in particular. Unlike
the case of edge-state induced magnetisation, the moments of magnetic
impurities embedded in GNRs are found to be particularly stable in the presence
of edge disorder. Our results suggest that the magnetic properties of
transition-metal doped GNRs are far more robust than those with moments arising
intrinsically due to edge geometry.Comment: submitte
Nonclassicality and criticality in symmetry-protected magnetic phases
Quantum and global discord in a spin-1 Heisenberg chain subject to single-ion
anisotropy (uniaxial field) are studied using exact diagonalisation and the
density matrix renormalisation group (DMRG). We find that these measures of
quantum nonclassicality are able to detect the quantum phase transitions
confining the symmetry protected Haldane phase and show critical scaling with
universal exponents. Moreover, in the case of thermal states, we find that
quantum discord can increase with increasing temperature.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, Close to published version. Includes a link to
data used for the figure
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