Analysis of the waste amount in mechanical engineering and metallurgy in Ukraine

Проаналізовано металургійні виробництва, які характеризуються утворенням великої кількості відходів. Більшість з них за змістом корисних компонентів конкурентоспроможні первинною сировиною та можуть бути використані в технологічних процесах. Тому доцільне розроблення системи контролю за утворенням відходів металургійних виробництв задля забезпечення використання їх у поточних виробничих процесах. Організація цього процесу дозволить вирішити екологічні проблеми, зменшити собівартість продукції, знизити споживання мінерально-сировинних ресурсів.Sammary. Different metallurgical industries, which are characterized by formation of a large amount of wastes have been analysed. Most of them within the meaning of useful components are competitive in raw materials and can be used in technological processes, so it is advisable to develop a control system for the formation of wastes of metallurgical industries to ensure their use in current manufacturing processes. The content of iron in the solid phase of secondary clarifiers sludge in metallurgical industries reaches 70%, but sludge contains 30% of water-oil content, that makes it difficult to transport, store and utilize. Typically, wastes of metallurgical and metal processing industries in percents are as follows: slag – 57 - 63; mineral wastes (scrap refractories and input components) - 4 - 6; scrap metal - 15 - 17; dust, sludge, sinter wastes - 9 - 13; others - 2 - 4. Thus, for example, specific output of sludge in productions of Ukraine is 60-80 kg/t of steel, in Europe this index is 30 kg/t. Metallurgical enterprises of Ukraine have accumulated 240 million tons of slag, 128 million tons of which are steel-smelting. A significant amount of sludge in wastes of metallurgical and metal processing industries contain from 45% to 52% of iron, 6,0-9,5% of carbon with a small amount of zinc (0,5-4%). This raw material can be used in the agglomeration and in converter steel production. However, 90% of wastes after various metallurgical processes are put together in same sludge storages where they are stored. A storage of sludge, steel and metal processing wastes of productions leads to the fact that richer for the mass fraction of iron sludge depletes due a contact with less rich with iron sludge. Another disadvantage is environmental. The paradox of the situation is that we create a man-made iron-containing materials, in which the mass fraction of iron exceeds its concentration in the rich iron ore which we take from the depths (56-60%), and glandular concentrates which we get on concentrators (65-68%). Organization of the process of waste monitoring will solve environmental problems, reduce production costs, reduce the consumption of mineral-raw resources

Research of mechanical properties of thermite material on the basis of steel dross

Important direction in the development of technologies for the recycling of wastes of industrial productions is inclination on the use energy saving technologies. The article deals with general aspects of methods of utilization of industrial wastes by methods of powder metallurgy. One of the same methods, which is highly effective and technologically, is the method of utilization of dross by using it as the main component of exothermic mixtures. On the basis of experimental research composition of exothermic charge based on the scale of steel was developed and proposed that can be used for surfacing the details of responsible designation. The choice of main and alloying components of charge was conducted on the analysis of literature data and the calculation of the required chemical characteristics of the material. According to the chemical composition, the termite material can be attributed to qualitative structural steels. Important characteristic of this material is the lack of content of harm fulimpurities, such as sulfur and phosphorus. Research of mechanical properties showed that material has a high resilient deformationon a compression and durability. The analysis of diagram deformation allows to assert that plastic decomposition prevails upon the destruction of the material. The hardness of material at different depths of sampling is different, which indictates the impact of the technological parameters of combustion of exothermic mixtures on the properties of the material. Investigation of impact strength showed that the change in the temperature of the test does not significantly affect its change, which indictates the suitability of the developed termite steel for the surfacing of parts working under reverse friction and shock loads

Production of porous sintered materials using wastes of manufacturing engineering in self-propagating high-temperature synthesis

The increasing amount of wastes produced by the manufacturing engineering, as well as their physical and mechanical properties and restorability provide a search for sphere of their application. The actual problem of modern science is the utilization of wastes and using them in further production that will minimize their harmful impact on the environment and reduce the cost of expensive raw materials. Wastes are ideally suitable for the manufacture of porous permeable materials (filters). Powder metallurgy allows obtaining products with controlled filtration, physical and mechanical properties. Such materials are good filters for regeneration of technical liquids, oils, cooling fluids, sewage etc. The article analyzes the methods and technologies for the manufacture of porous ceramic materials and a new technology for their manufacture, which is based on use of mill scale and natural mineral – saponite as the main components. Compression technology provides products at low pressures and sintering by passing high-temperature synthesis. The proposed technology is characterized by low cost and good physical and mechanical properties of the product that gives a reason to use them for filtering and regeneration of technical liquids