Propuesta metodológica de un sistema de benchmarking para un sector industrial basado en el método multicriterio ANP

Trabajo presentado al XVI Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería de Proyectos (AEIPRO), celebrado en Valencia (España) del 11 al 13 de julio de 2012.[EN]: In benchmarking process it is not enough to compare competitors among them, but it is also important to determine which indicators of competitiveness are to be measured and therefore to know to what extent each indicator contributes to the competitiveness of the sector. Therefore, the objective of this research is to provide a methodology that will allow any industry to develop a benchmarking system that includes the identification of appropriate indicators to the business environment, selected by industry experts. This research presents a methodological approach aimed at industry and promotes the implementation of new indicators to measure competitiveness, capability-oriented innovation, organizational learning and entrepreneurship. Consequently, the selection of indicators for measuring system competitiveness is a complex decision process and that is where the multicriteria method ANP (Saaty, 1996) helps to solve the selection problem as a natural way to incorporate experts’ opinion. This methodology should provide a ranking of companies according their competitiveness level.[ES]: En un proceso de Benchmarking ya no es suficiente compararse con los competidores, si no que es importante determinar con qué indicadores de competitividad se van a medir y, en consecuencia, conocer en qué medida contribuye cada indicador a la competitividad del sector. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación es proporcionar una metodología que le permita a cualquier sector industrial desarrollar un sistema de Benchmarking que incluya la identificación de los indicadores adecuados a su entorno empresarial, indicadores seleccionados por expertos del sector. La presente investigación expone una propuesta metodológica dirigida a sectores industriales y promueve la aplicación de nuevos indicadores para medir la competitividad, orientados hacia la capacidad de innovación, aprendizaje y conocimiento empresarial y la capacidad emprendedora. En consecuencia, la selección de los indicadores para el sistema de medición de la competitividad es un proceso de decisión complejo y es ahí, donde el método multicriterio ANP (Saaty, 1996) contribuye a resolver el problema de selección, ya que de una forma natural incorpora la opinión de los expertos. Dicha metodología debe dar como resultado una jerarquización de empresas a través de un sistema de medición de la competitividad acorde a los criterios de su entorno empresarial.Peer Reviewe

Using alignment with corporate strategy for the selection of a project portfolio based on ANP

Trabajo presentado al 14th International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process celebrado en Washington (US) del 29 de junio al 2 de julio de 2014.In this paper a new approach to prioritize project portfolio in an efficient and reliable way is presented. The research methodology is based on a combination of a synthesis of the literature across the diverse fields of project management, project alignment, multicriteria decision methods and a parallel analysis of an industrial case study. The paper introduces a rigorous methodology with acceptable complexity which seeks to assist managers of the National Electricity Corporation of Venezuela (Corpoelec) in their yearly resources' assignment on their projects portfolio. The aim being to determine the degree of alignment of each project to corporate strategy based on the judgments of a group of experts on the expected contribution of the projects to the business strategic objectives. The model presented can be used both as a descriptive and a prescriptive model. The approach presented uses project prioritization based on the multi-criteria decisionmaking technique called Analytic Network Process. Thus the corporate strategic objectives will be used as prioritization criteria to obtain the Relative Alignment Index (RAI).Peer Reviewe

Setting competitiveness indicators using BSC and ANP

[EN] In this paper a new approach to assess companies' competitiveness performance in an efficient and reliable way is presented. It introduces a rigorous methodology, based on multi-criteria techniques, which seeks to assist managers of companies within a specific industrial sector in providing information about their relative position in order to define improvement action plans. The approach combines the use of the analytic network process (ANP) method with the balanced scorecard (BSC) to achieve competitiveness indicators. The ANP method allows the aggregation of experts judgments on each of the selected indicators used into one company competitiveness index (CCI). To demonstrate the goodness of the methodology, a case study of the plastic sector of Venezuela has been carried out. Three companies have been analysed using the CCI proposed. The participating experts agreed that the methodology is useful and an improvement from current competitiveness measurement techniques. They found the results obtained coherent and the use of resources significantly less than in other methods.Poveda Bautista, R.; Baptista, DC.; García Melón, M. (2012). Setting competitiveness indicators using BSC and ANP. International Journal of Production Research. 50(17):4738-4752. doi:10.1080/00207543.2012.657964S47384752501

Socio-cultural, historical, political and economic dimensions of health and medicine

Health is one of the most important areas of human development and, along with quality of life, occupies a prominent place in the academic world, being studied from various theoretical perspectives and from different scientific disciplines. These studies try to explain, from the micro to the macro, what it means and what elements are involved in the health of individuals in particular and of society in general. However, given the diversity of perspectives, there is no consensus on the definition of health. At the beginning, the study of health focused on biomedical research into disease. This approach has shown its limits in understanding health in its most complete dimension, as defined by the World Health Organization as early as 1946 : “ health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity ” ( preamble to the WHO Constitution, 1946 ). This “ positive ” orientation of health is later taken up as a universal human right ( Declaration of Human Rights, art. 25 ), being considered today not only a right, but also a value in itself, an aspiration and a social demand....Peer reviewe

Estudio empírico de los procesos de toma de decisión en las PYMES mineras de la IV región de Coquimbo (Chile)

Trabajo presentado al XV Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería de Proyectos (AEIPRO), celebrado en Huesca (España) del 6 al 8 de julio de 2011.[EN]: In the present paper a study about the decision making processes in the Mining Industry SMEs in the Coquimbo´s region is presented. The aims of the study are: - to get to know the way the decisions are made in these type of companies, - to propose the bases of a suitable Decision Support Methodology (DSM) adapted to these companies that will be designed in future works. To approach these objectives an empirical study covering a representative sample of the Mining Industry SMEs in this region has been carried out. On one hand, the patterns of decision-making processes in those companies have been obtained, concluding that the most suitable techniques to use in these decision making processes are the ones that belong to MCDA techniques. On the other hand, results show that the companies do not use Decision Support Methods. These results have allowed us to obtain the necessary guidelines to design a future Decision Support Methodology adapted to these companies.[ES]: En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio de procesos de toma de decisiones en Empresas Mineras clasificadas de Pequeñas y Medianas de la Región de Coquimbo (Chile). Los objetivos del estudio son: - Determinar cómo se toman las decisiones en este tipo de empresas. - Proponer las bases para una adecuada Metodología de Apoyo a la Decisión (DSM) adaptada a este tipo de decisiones y empresas, que se diseñará en futuros trabajos. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, se realizó un estudio empírico que cubría una muestra representativa de Pequeñas y Medianas empresas de la industria minera de la IV región de Chile. En primer lugar, se obtuvieron los patrones de los procedimientos de toma de decisión en las Pequeñas y Medianas empresas de la industria minera, concluyendo que las técnicas más conveniente al uso en estos procesos de toma de decisión son las que pertenecen a las técnicas de MCDA. En segundo lugar, los resultados demuestran que las Pequeñas y Medianas empresas de la industria minera de la IV región de Chile, no utilizan métodos de ayuda de decisión. Por ello, se intenta facilitar, el proceso de Toma de Decisiones, al identificar las barreras estructurales a las que las PYMES mineras se ven sometidas.Peer Reviewe

An ANP approach for competitiveness analysis in business sectors. The case of Venezuela

Trabajo presentado al XI International Symposium on the AHP celebrado en Nápoles (Italia) del 15 al 18 de Junio de 2011.In this paper a new approach to assess companies' competitiveness performance by means of indicators in an efficient and reliabel way is presented. the approach combines the use of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method with the Balance Scorecard and the information obtained from sectorial experts during the decision - making process. The ANP method allows the aggregation of experts' judgements on each of the selected indicators used into one company competitiveness index. For that, a comparative study for competitiveness indicators has been carried out among three different business sectors representative of Venezuela.Peer Reviewe

A methodology based on multi-criteria techniques (AHP and ANP) for measuring the degree of alignment between the objectives of a university and the results obtained in its relations with the socioeconomic environment

Trabajo presentado al XVI Latin Ibero-American Congress on Operations Research (CLAIO) celebrado del 9 al 12 de Septiembre de 2008 en Cartagena de Índias (Colombia).Peer reviewe

University objectives and socioeconomic results. A multicriteria measuring of alignment

12 pages, 6 tables, 6 figuresUniversities develop technology transfer mechanisms as the tools required to undertake missions committed to the socioeconomic environment. In this work a new proposal to measure the extent to which the goals or strategic objectives of a university are aligned with the results obtained through its technology transfer mechanisms with the local community is presented. This will enable to perform a diagnosis, by comparing the situation sought by the University Management team (expected case) with the actual one that derives from the application of the plans that implement the technology transfer mechanisms (real case). To achieve this, two different Multicriteria Decision Analysis techniques e.g. Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) will be used. Both the methodology and the MCDA techniques proposed need to be explained and clarified to the different experts who collaborate in the study, hence the facilitating process, key to the whole procedure, will be analysed in detail. The model proposed in this study is applied to analyse the case of the National University of Colombia – Bogotá Campus. Findings show that the following questions can be answered: (i) How much importance is granted by the University Management to the objectives of the University? (ii) To what extent are the objectives of the university fulfilled by the technology transfer mechanisms to the socioeconomic environment? (iii) Are the objectives of the university aligned with the results achieved through the technology transfer mechanisms? Keywords: Multiple criteria analysis; Analytic network process (ANP); Analytic hierarchy process (AHP); Relation between university and socioeconomic environment.Peer reviewe

Aproximación al empleo de la correlación inversa basada en Ruido para el diseño y evaluación de productos industriales

Comunicación presentada en el 24th International congress on project management and engineering, celebrado en modalidad virtual del 7 al 10 de julio de 2020.This work approach the use of noise-based inverse correlation analysis technique in the field of industrial product assessment. This technique identifies the elements of an image that contribute in the judgment that an observer makes on it, and has been used especially in face analysis. The proposal of this work is to apply the same technique on product images and verify if it is possible to use it as an evaluation tool that helps identify the formal characteristics of a product that most contribute to its perception. This communication shows the procedure used and the results obtained

Applying noise-based reverse correlation to relate consumer perception to product complex form features

Consumer behavior knowledge is essential to designing successful products. However, measuring subjective perceptions affecting this behavior is a complex issue that depends on many factors. Identifying visual cues elicited by the product’s appearance is key in many cases. Marketing research on this topic has produced different approaches to the question. This paper proposes the use of Noise-Based Reverse Correlation techniques in the identification of product form features carrying a particular semantic message. This technique has been successfully utilized in social sciences to obtain prototypical images of faces representing social stereotypes from different judgements. In this work, an exploratory study on subcompact cars is performed by applying Noise-Based Reverse Correlation to identify relevant form features conveying a sports car image. The results provide meaningful information about the car attributes involved in communicating this idea, thus validating the use of the technique in this particular case. More research is needed to generalize and adapt Noise-Based Reverse Correlation procedures to different product scenarios and semantic concepts