39 research outputs found

    Effets comparatifs des acides gras omega-3 (ALA, EPA, DHA) sur la sensibilitĂ© Ă  l’insuline des cellules musculaires C2C12 dans un contexte lipotoxique

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    Objectifs :Etudier le rĂŽle des ω3 sur la lipotoxicitĂ© induite par l’acide gras saturĂ© palmitate (PAL, C16:0) dans un modĂšle de cellule musculaire C2C12.Identifier les effets propres de chaque w3 (ALA, EPA et DHA) Ă  dose Ă©quivalente sur la fluiditĂ© des membranes et la rĂ©ponse Ă  l’insuline.Suivre le devenir intracellulaire du [1-14C]-palmitate en prĂ©sence d’un w3 et dĂ©finir les classes de lipides altĂ©rĂ©es.Rechercher les voies de signalisation impliquĂ©es dans la modulation de la rĂ©ponse Ă  l’insuline

    Analyse des phospholipides oxydés par LC (ESI) -MSMS

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    PrĂ©sentation flash (F10) et PrĂ©sentation de poster (P10) : Analyse des phospholipides oxydĂ©s par LC(ESI)-MSMS : une approche lipidomique Session DĂ©veloppements AnalytiquesLes phospholipides (PLs) sont des molĂ©cules biologiques complexes, de structures trĂšs variĂ©es et reprĂ©sentent une classe de mĂ©tabolites d’intĂ©rĂȘt pour l’étude des relations entre l’alimentation et le dĂ©veloppement des maladies mĂ©taboliques. Cette classe de composĂ©s peut donner lieu Ă  la formation d’un grand nombre de produits d’oxydation. Ainsi, les phospholipides oxydĂ©s (PLs-Ox) sont de plus en plus reconnus non seulement comme des marqueurs de stress oxydant, mais aussi des marqueurs de diffĂ©rentes pathologies associĂ©es Ă  l’inflammation, telles que l’athĂ©rosclĂ©rose et le diabĂšte. Cependant, trĂšs peu d’informations sont actuellement disponibles dans les bases de donnĂ©es pour identifier ces molĂ©cules, du fait de leur disponibilitĂ© commerciale limitĂ©e.L’objectif de ce travail Ă©tait d’acquĂ©rir des nouvelles connaissances sur les PLs-Ox afin de proposer une stratĂ©gie analytique pour leur analyse. Notre approche lipidomique s’est basĂ©e sur une mĂ©thode de profilage par LC-MS/MS d’un extrait de lipides totaux plasmatiques, associĂ©e Ă  un workflow d’aide Ă  l’identification des PLs implĂ©mentĂ© dans la plateforme web Galaxy W4M (http://workflow4metabolomics.org).Au cours de ce travail, une mĂ©thode de synthĂšse des PLs-Ox a tout d’abord Ă©tĂ© mise en place Ă  partir des Phosphatidylcholines (PCs) ayant des longueurs de chaines diffĂ©rentes, des degrĂ©s et une position des insaturations diffĂ©rentes.Une mĂ©thode d’analyse par spectromĂ©trie de masse (Qtrap 5500 Sciex) Ă©quipĂ© avec une source d’ionisation electrospray a ensuite Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour caractĂ©riser des produits d’oxydation. Un couplage avec la chromatographie liquide par Injection en Flux Continu (FIA) a permis la mise au point de la mĂ©thode LC-MS pour pouvoir, par la suite, rĂ©aliser la sĂ©paration chromatographique des formes oxydĂ©s. La cinĂ©tique de formation des produits d’auto-oxydations a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e.Les premiers rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent une grande diversitĂ© des produits d’oxydation Ă  chaĂźnes longues et/ou Ă  chaĂźnes courtes raccourcies. Il a Ă©tĂ© observĂ© que la formation des produits d’oxydation Ă©tait dĂ©pendante de la structure des PLs, le rapport de formes oxydĂ©es variant au cours du temps.Ces rĂ©sultats permettent d’envisager la mise en place d’une stratĂ©gie d’analyse lipidomique de ces composĂ©s, et l’enrichissement des bases de donnĂ©es existante

    Analyse des phospholipides oxydés par LC (ESI) -MSMS

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    Les phospholipides (PLs) sont des molĂ©cules biologiques complexes, de structures trĂšs variĂ©es et reprĂ©sentent une classe de mĂ©tabolites d’intĂ©rĂȘt pour l’étude des relations entre l’alimentation et le dĂ©veloppement des maladies mĂ©taboliques. Cette classe de composĂ©s peut donner lieu Ă  la formation d’un grand nombre de produits d’oxydation. Ainsi, les phospholipides oxydĂ©s (PLs-Ox) sont de plus en plus reconnus non seulement comme des marqueurs de stress oxydant, mais aussi des marqueurs de diffĂ©rentes pathologies associĂ©es Ă  l’inflammation, telles que l’athĂ©rosclĂ©rose et le diabĂšte. Cependant, trĂšs peu d’informations sont actuellement disponibles dans les bases de donnĂ©es pour identifier ces molĂ©cules, du fait de leur disponibilitĂ© commerciale limitĂ©e. L’objectif de ce travail Ă©tait d’acquĂ©rir des nouvelles connaissances sur les PLs-Ox afin de proposer une stratĂ©gie analytique pour leur analyse. Notre approche lipidomique s’est basĂ©e sur une mĂ©thode de profilage par LC-MS/MS d’un extrait de lipides totaux plasmatiques, associĂ©e Ă  un workflow d’aide Ă  l’identification des PLs implĂ©mentĂ© dans la plateforme web Galaxy W4M (http://workflow4metabolomics.org). Au cours de ce travail, une mĂ©thode de synthĂšse des PLs-Ox a tout d’abord Ă©tĂ© mise en place Ă  partir des Phosphatidylcholines (PCs) ayant des longueurs de chaines diffĂ©rentes, des degrĂ©s et une position des insaturations diffĂ©rentes. Une mĂ©thode d’analyse par spectromĂ©trie de masse (Qtrap 5500 Sciex) Ă©quipĂ© avec une source d’ionisation electrospray a ensuite Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour caractĂ©riser des produits d’oxydation. Un couplage avec la chromatographie liquide par Injection en Flux Continu (FIA) a permis la mise au point de la mĂ©thode LC-MS pour pouvoir, par la suite, rĂ©aliser la sĂ©paration chromatographique des formes oxydĂ©s. La cinĂ©tique de formation des produits d’auto-oxydations a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e. Les premiers rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent une grande diversitĂ© des produits d’oxydation Ă  chaĂźnes longues et/ou Ă  chaĂźnes courtes raccourcies. Il a Ă©tĂ© observĂ© que la formation des produits d’oxydation Ă©tait dĂ©pendante de la structure des PLs, le rapport de formes oxydĂ©es variant au cours du temps. Ces rĂ©sultats permettent d’envisager la mise en place d’une stratĂ©gie d’analyse lipidomique de ces composĂ©s, et l’enrichissement des bases de donnĂ©es existante

    Evaluation of oxidized phospholipids analysis by LC-MS/MS

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    Phospholipids (PLs) represent a class of metabolites of interest for evaluating the relationship between diet and the development of several metabolic diseases. Given that PLs are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, they can be oxidized. Because of their structure and reactivity, oxidized phospholipids (PLs-Ox) are increasingly recognized as markers of oxidative stress and of various diseases associated with inflammation. Therefore, there is a growing interest in studying PLs-Ox in lipidomics. Because of their limited commercial availability, very little information is currently available in databases to identify these molecules. The aim of this study is to acquire new knowledge about PLs-Ox in order to propose an analytical strategy for their analyses. For this purpose, a synthesis method of PLs-Ox, in auto-oxidation, has been developed and applied on phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species with various chain lengths, degree, and position of unsaturations. An analysis method based on mass (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry coupled to electrospray ionization was then developed and enabled the identification of a great diversity of long- and short-chain oxidation products. Formation kinetics of oxidation products was evaluated. Results showed that the formation of oxidized compounds was largely influenced by the degree of unsaturation on fatty acid chains. Oxidation time promotes the formation of some biologically important oxidation products. Coupling the MS method with liquid chromatography in flow injection analysis mode enabled the development of a full analytical strategy. Structural analysis of PLs-Ox allowed the enrichment of databases with important information to identify these molecules in biological matrices

    Beneficial effect of amino acid supplementation, especially cysteine, on body nitrogen economy in septic rats

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    Article originalInternational audienceBACKGROUND AND AIMS: Muscle wasting and increased synthesis of proteins and compounds involved in host defense characterize severe injury. The aims of the studies reported were to determine which amino acids exhibited an increased tissue content linked to anabolic processes in infected rats by comparison with healthy pair-fed controls, and to explore whether diets supplemented with these amino acids attenuate the catabolic response to infection. METHODS: Total amino acid content of the liver and the rest of the body were measured in control well-fed rats, in infected rats and their pair-fed controls 2 days after infection. In the nutritional protocols, infected rats were fed with a diet supplemented with alanine (basal diet), or threonine, serine, aspartate, asparagine and arginine (AA) or AA+cysteine (complete diet). RESULTS: Infection significantly increased liver total amino acid content by 38% for most amino acids. In contrast, the percentage increase was cysteine 79.3, threonine 45.3, aspartate-asparagine 46.3 and serine 46.5. Whole body without liver content of most amino acids decreased after infection due to the catabolic response, while the content of cysteine increased by 6% (P<0.05) and those of threonine and arginine did not decrease. After infection, animals fed the complete diet lost less weight than animals fed the basal diet (P<0.05). Furthermore, AA plus cysteine supplementation reduced significantly urinary nitrogen excretion and muscle wasting. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidence that diet supplementation with cysteine, threonine, serine, aspartate-asparagine and arginine supports the synthesis of vital proteins to spare body protein catabolism during infection

    N−3PUFA differentially modulate palmitate-induced lipotoxicity through alterations of its metabolism in C2C12 muscle cells

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    We gratefully acknowledge financial support from Avril (23000596) for the PhD thesis of A. Pinel and our research. We also thank Lesieur for their scientific supportExcessive energy intake leads to fat overload and the formation of lipotoxic compounds mainly derived from the saturated fatty add palmitate (PAL), thus promoting insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n - 3PUFA) may prevent lipotoxicity and IR. The purpose of this study was to examine the differential effects of n 3PUFA on fatty acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in muscle cells. C2C12 myotubes were treated with 500 mu M of PAL without or with 50 mu M of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 16h. PAL decreased insulin-dependent AKT activation and glucose uptake and increased the synthesis of ceramides and diglycerides (DG) derivatives, leading to protein kinase CO activation. EPA and DMA, but not ALA, prevented PAL-decreased AKT activation but glucose uptake was restored to control values by all n 3PUFA vs. PAL. Total DG and ceramide contents were decreased by all n 3PUFA, but only EPA and DMA increased PAL beta-oxidation, decreased PAL incorporation into DG and reduced protein kinase CO activation. EPA and DMA emerge as better candidates than ALA to improve fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle cells, notably via their ability to increase mitochondrial beta-oxidatio

    Le traitement par cures au paracétamol induit une réduction de la masse et la synthÚse des protéines musculaires chez le rat ùgé

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    This abstract has also been published in Cahiers de nutrition et de diététique 48 (2013) S23-S55absen

    Spreading intake of a leucine-rich fast protein in energy-restricted overweight rats does not improve protein mass

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    International audienceObjective: Energy restriction decreases fat mass and fat-free mass. Our aim was to prevent the latter using type and timing of protein nutrition as tools. Methods: Young male Wistar rats were given a high-energy diet for 5 wk and then energy restricted and fed a high-protein diet containing caseins, milk-soluble proteins (MSP), or a casein– MSP mixture (n ÂŒ 9 per group) as the only source of protein for 3 wk. Food intake was spread over 12 h, whereas in a previous experiment rats consumed their daily ration within 2 to 3 h. Weight and food intake were recorded. The body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after energy restriction. After 3 wk, the hind-limb muscles, the kidney, intestine, liver, and spleen weights, metabolic plasma parameters, and the liver and extensor digitorum longus muscle protein synthesis rates were measured in the postprandial state. Results: The food intake was similar in all groups. Energy restriction induced a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass (P < 0.001) and stopped the slow growth of lean body mass, with no differences between groups. Among all tissues, a significant effect was detected only for the intestine (P ÂŒ 0.0012), with a higher weight in the casein group. Postprandial liver and muscle protein synthesis rates were not different between groups. Conclusion: When using a high-protein diet spread over 12 h, the nature of the protein intake has no influence on the sparing of lean body mass during energy restriction in young overweight rats. Ó 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction Obesity has reached epidemic proportions: more than 1 billion adults are overweight, and at least 300 million are clinically obese [1]. Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes and contributes strongly to the global burden of the associated health costs. Obese individuals seeking weight loss often use restrictive diets, which lead to a decrease in adiposity but also to a loss of fat-free mass [2]. This loss of fat-free mass and in particular muscle mass should be prevented because muscle is an emergency store of amino acids that can be used during stresses, allowing an organism to maintain homeostasis. This loss can be limited by including a sufficient amount of protein in the energy-restricted diet [3]. Previously we compared the capacity of caseins (slowly digested milk proteins) with that of milk-soluble proteins (MSP; rapidly digested leucine-rich proteins) to maintain lean body mass in overweight, energy-restricted rats [4]. In the present study, we investigated whether the timing of the intake of these proteins could have an influence on the sparing of lean body mass. Indeed, in our previous experiment [4], rats consumed their daily ration within 2 to 3 h. We found that, although the regulations of liver and muscle protein metabolisms were not the same, the final nitrogen balance (and thus whole-body protein mass) was not different between groups. In that experiment, postabsorptive muscle protein synthesis rates were higher in the casein-fed group than in the MSP-fed groups [4]. Given the results obtained in test-meal studies in humans [5–7], we postulated that the muscle protein balance (i.e., protein synthesi
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