Prevalence, etiology, and types of dental trauma in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Dental traumas are common among children and adolescents in many societies posing health and social problems. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and metaanalysis on prevalence, etiology, types, and other epidemiologic aspects of dental trauma in children and adolescents (0-18 years old). Methods: In this systematic meta-analytical review, data were collected searching for key words including traumatic dental injuries, dental trauma, dental injury, dental trauma, tooth injuries, tooth trauma, traumatized teeth, dentoalveolar trauma, oral trauma, epidemiology, etiology, prevalence, incidence, occurrence, child*, and adolescence in the following databases: Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, PubMed and Google scholar. Results: From the total of 3197 articles, 44 completely relevant papers were included in the study. The prevalence of dental trauma was variable based on geographical area and was estimated 17.5 in the population, with higher prevalence in boys. Falling was the major cause for dental trauma, and the most frequent location was home. The most frequent type of trauma was enamel fracture. Conclusion: A relatively high prevalence was detected for dental trauma, which calls for effective planning and intervention to prevent the occurrence in children and adolescents. These may include special care for children, eliminating fall-prone areas, installing safety measures at homes, using protective appliances in sports, education, and raising the knowledge and availability of services to address enamel fracture. Region-specific criteria should be taken into account in programs and interventions

Epidemiology of oral cancer in Iran: A systematic review

Background: Oral cancer stands among the 10 top causes of cancer death in the world. Considering the role of epidemiologic information on planning and effective interventions, the present study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of oral cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: The required information for this systematic review study was obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL,SID, Medlib, Magiran and Iranmedex databases, using key words "cancer", "oral cancer", "squamous cell carcinoma", "oral cavity carcinoma" and their Persian equivalents in combination with keywords of epidemiology, prevalence, etiology, frequency, and Iran from 1990 to 2014. From 1,065 related studies found, finally 25 were included to the study. Results: The mean age of 8,248 patients in 25 studies was 54.0±15.1 years. The male/female ratio for oral cancer was 1.91. Tongue with average percentage of 29.9 was the most involved site. Regarding microscopic grade, 65.7 of cases were grade 1. SCCs, accounting for an average of 70.0, was the most common among all types of oral cancer. In the majority of studies, smoking including cigarette, hookah, and tobacco consumption was found to be a risk factor. Conclusions: The epidemiological pattern of oral cancer in Iran is somewhat similar to that of other countries. Yet the information on hand in this field is limited and considering the role of epidemiological data we suggest conducting more accurate studies to catch data that is required for effective programs and interventions

Microtensile Bond Strength of Single Bond and Adper Prompt-L-Pop Adhesives to Dentin

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength to sound and caries-affected dentin using Single Bond and Adper Prompt-L-Pop adhesives.Materials and Methods: Sixteen extracted human molars with carious lesions extended halfway through dentin were ground to expose the caries affected and the surrounding normal dentin. The samples were divided into two groups of eight samples each, including Single Bond (two-step etch and rinse) and Adper Prompt-L-Pop (one step self-etch). Z-100 (3M) was used for composite build-ups. The teeth were then sectioned and prepared for micro tensile bond strength test, at cross head speed of 1.5 mm/min. Data were ana-lyzed by 1- and 2-way ANOVA.Results: Bond strengths of Single Bond and Adper Prompt-L-Pop adhesives to sound den-tin were significantly higher than to the caries-affected one (P<0.001), besides, bond strength of Single Bond to dentin was generally found to be higher than Adper Prompt-L-Pop adhesive (P<0.001).The interaction effect was not significant (P=0.116)Conclusion: Bond strength to caries-affected dentin was compromised when one and two step adhesives were used

Effect of kangaroo mother care on successful breastfeeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Background & Aims: Evaluating the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on breastfeeding success shows conflicting results. Regarding the importance of breastfeeding and uncertainties about its effect, this study intended to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on the effect of KMC on success of breastfeeding. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, required data were collected by searching the following keywords: breastfeeding, Breast-Feeding, �skin-to-skin�, �Kangaroo Mother Care�, randomized clinical trial. The following databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, EM-BASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Two authors independently extracted the data. To estimate the Breast-Feeding outcome variables, CMA2 software was used. The risk of bias of studies was assessed with the criteria developed in the Cochrane Handbook. Results: Twenty articles were included. In the KMC and CNC groups, 1,432 and 1,410 neonates were examined. Breastfeeding success rate was higher in the KMC group within different time slots, however this difference was not statistically significant (RR=1.11(95CI, 0.93-1.34) and RR=1.13(95CI, 0.92-1.34) based on the time slot and birth weight, respectively). The inter-groups differences in the mean scores of Infant Breast-Feeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT) were statistically significant (P<0.05). Breastfeeding was initiated very sooner in the KMC group, suggesting a statistically significant inter-groups difference-0.72(95CI, from-0.92 to-0.53) (P<0.05). Majority of the studies had a high risk of bias. Conclusion: Findings indicated a superiority of KMC over CNC in terms of breastfeeding success. Assessment of the complications and costs of KMC implementation is recommended. © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers

The Effect of Pre-heating Silorane-based Composite Resin on Marginal Gap Formation of Class V Restorations

Statement of problem: Many efforts have been made to solve the problem of composite resin adaptation and reduce microleakage. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of preheating of silorane-based composite resins before photo-polymerization on gap formation at the margins of Class V restorations. Materials and Methods: Standard Class V cavities were prepared on the labial surfaces of 46 sound bovine incisor teeth. The teeth were divided into two groups. In group 1, after application of the bonding agent of the silorane system, the cavities were restored with Filtek silorane-based composite resin stored at room temperature. In group 2, before restoring the cavities, the silorane-based composite resin was heated in a warm water bath at 54ºC for 10 minutes. After 48 hours of storage in distilled water, teeth were thermocycled and sectioned bucco-lingually. Then the gaps of tooth‒restoration interfaces in both incisal and gingival margins at three external, middle and internal areas were measured using a stereomicroscope. After calculation of means and standard deviations, data were analyzed with two-factor ANOVA at α=0.05. Results: The mean marginal gaps in non-preheated and preheated groups were 10.66±2.39 and 7.62±2.05 µm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). However, the differences between the occlusal and gingival margins in each group were not significant (P=0.58). The interactive effect of preheating and margin type was not significant (P=0.10). Conclusions: Heating silorane-based composite resin before light curing resulted in decreasing the gap sizes at tooth‒restoration interfaces in Class V cavities