Determining the Reaction Rate of Electrochemical Process for Purification of Polluted Water

Abstract Aims: Turbidity in higher than standard levels, indicates failure in the water treatment plant. An electrochemical disinfection process takes place through electricity transition between two or more electrodes. This research aimed to determine the reaction rate of electrochemical process for purification of polluted water. Materials & Methods: This is a bench scale, experimental study performed in a batch system on synthetic wastewater. 1700ml of prepared synthetic wastewater was put in an electrolytic cell and constant 600mA current was flowed into the cell content through merged aluminum electrodes for 1 hour. Samples were taken from the batch in the beginning and every 10 minutes and were analyzed for, turbidity, Coliform bacteria (probably, confirmed and E. coli) and Heterotrophic Plat Count. Fisher exact test was used to analyze data. Findings: All the parameters of turbidity, HPC, total coliform, confirmed coliform and E. coli were decreased during the time. The electrochemical process reduced the average of turbidity below 3NTU after 50 minutes (91.05 removal). The HPC number reduced from 130n/ml to 2.4n/ml (98.15 removal) after 50 minutes. No coliforms were seen after 40 minutes of the electrochemical process. Conclusion: 40 minutes of electrochemical process in 600mA by aluminum electrodes is the optimum condition for removing the turbidity, Coliform bacteria (total, confirmed and E. coli) and HPC from polluted water

An interpretation of skew-elliptical distributions in terms of fuzzy events

AbstractIn this note, we introduce a fuzzy method for producing family of univariate and multivariate skew-elliptical distributions based on fuzzy conditional events. We illustrate special cases of interest, such as skew-normal distribution. Furthermore, we use the idea of fuzzy events for calculating tail conditional expectations for elliptical and skew-elliptical distributions

A theory for non-linear prediction approach in the presence of vague variables: with application to BMI monitoring

In the statistical literature, truncated distributions can be used for modeling real data. Due to error of measurement in truncated continuous data, choosing a crisp trimmed point caucuses a fault inference, so using fuzzy sets to define a threshold pointmay leads us more efficient results with respect to crisp thresholds. Arellano-Valle et al. [2] defined a selection distribution for analysis of truncated data with crisp threshold. In this paper, we define fuzzy multivariate selection distribution that is an extension of the selection distributions using fuzzy threshold. A practical data set with a fuzzy threshold point is considered to investigate the relationship between high blood pressure and BMI

Molecular dynamic studies of transportan interacting with a DPPC lipid bilayer

Translocation of peptides through cellular membranes is a fundamental problem in developing antimicrobial peptides and in drug delivery. There is a class of peptides, known as cell-penetrating peptides, that are able to penetrate membranes without disrupting them. They can carry pharmacological compounds, thus a promising strategy for drug delivery. The physical mechanisms that facilitate translocation are not known. We have used large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to study the penetration of transportan across a zwitterionic dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (DPPC) bilayer. We obtained the free energy profile for one peptide inside the bilayer and discuss the response of the bilayer to the presence of transportan. We also discuss the importance of lysine residues and speculate on the possible penetration mechanism of the peptide and propose a graded-like penetration process

Determining the Reaction Rate of Electrochemical Process for Purification of Polluted Water

Aims Turbidity in higher than standard levels, indicates failure in the water treatment plant. An electrochemical disinfection process takes place through electricity transition between two or more electrodes. This research aimed to determine the reaction rate of electrochemical process for purification of polluted water. Materials & Methods This is a bench scale, experimental study performed in a batch system on synthetic wastewater. 1700ml of prepared synthetic wastewater was put in an electrolytic cell and constant 600mA current was flowed into the cell content through merged aluminum electrodes for 1 hour. Samples were taken from the batch in the beginning and every 10 minutes and were analyzed for, turbidity, Coliform bacteria (probably, confirmed and E. coli) and Heterotrophic Plat Count. Fisher exact test was used to analyze data. Findings All the parameters of turbidity, HPC, total coliform, confirmed coliform and E. coli were decreased during the time. The electrochemical process reduced the average of turbidity below 3NTU after 50 minutes (91.05% removal). The HPC number reduced from 130n/ml to 2.4n/ml (98.15% removal) after 50 minutes. No coliforms were seen after 40 minutes of the electrochemical process. Conclusion 40 minutes of electrochemical process in 600mA by aluminum electrodes is the optimum condition for removing the turbidity, Coliform bacteria (total, confirmed and E. coli) and HPC from polluted water

Dehydroergosterol as an Analogue for Cholesterol: Why It Mimics Cholesterol So Wellor Does It?

Although dehydroergosterol (DHE) is one of the most commonly used cholesterol (CHOL) reporters, it has remained unclear why it performs well compared with most other CHOL analogues and what its possible limitations are. We present a comprehensive study of the properties of DHE using a combination of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, quantum-mechanical electronic structure computations, and classical atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We first establish that DHE mimics CHOL behavior, as previous studies have suggested, and then move on to elucidate and discuss the particular properties that render DHE so superior. We found that the main reason why DHE mimics CHOL so well is due to its ability to stand upright in a membrane in a manner that is almost identical to that of CHOL. The minor difference in how DHE and CHOL tilt with respect to membrane normal has only faint effects on structural membrane properties, and even the lateral pressure profiles of model membranes with CHOL or DHE are almost identical. These results suggest that the mechanical/elastic effects of DHE on the function of mechanically sensitive membrane proteins are not substantially different from those of CHOL. Our study highlights similar dynamical behavior of CHOL and DHE, which implies that DHE can mimic CHOL in processes with free energies close to the thermal energy