A Duhamel Integral Based Approach to Identify an Unknown Radiation Term in a Heat Equation with Non-linear Boundary Condition

In this paper, we consider the determination of an unknown radiation term in the nonlinear boundary condition of a linear heat equation from an overspecified condition. First we study the existence and uniqueness of the solution via an auxiliary problem. Then a numerical method consisting of zeroth-, first-, and second-order Tikhonov regularization method to the matrix form of Duhamel\u27s principle for solving the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) using temperature data containing significant noise is presented. The stability and accuracy of the scheme presented is evaluated by comparison with the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method. Some numerical experiments confirm the utility of this algorithm as the results are in good agreement with the exact data

Comparing the effects of combined endurance-resistance training versus resistance-endurance on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in non-athlete prepubertal girls

Background: In children and adolescents, the anabolic effects of exercise are mediated through growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of combined endurance-resistance versus resistance-endurance exercises on GH and IGF-I in non-athlete prepubertal girls. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 16 prepubertal girls aged 9-11 years old, after homogenization, were randomly allocated into two equal groups (n=8): the endurance-resistance and resistance-endurance. Activities in both groups included combined endurance (20 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with 60-70 of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) on a treadmill)-resistance (biceps, triceps, chest press, butterfly, knee extension and flexion, moderate leg press with 60 of 1-RM, and 1 set of 10 repetitions) and resistance-endurance training with different orders. Before, immediately after and 2 hours after the exercise, blood samples were taken and GH and IGF-1 levels were measured. Results: Immediately after the training, in both group, GH levels (3.39 ng/ml vs 1.8 ng/ml) were significantly increased compared to the resting condition (0.77 ng/ml vs 0.72 ng/ml) (P=0.017). However, GH levels (0.97 ng/ml vs 0.18 ng/ml) were significantly decreased in both groups after 2 hours (P=0.012). The GH levels in the endurance-resistance group were higher compared to the resistance-endurance group. Changes in IGF-1 levels in both training groups before, immediately after and 2 hours after the training did not show significant differences.Conclusion: It seems that combined endurance-resistance training is more appropriate option for non-athlete prepubertal girls

Evaluating the efficiency of advanced oxidation methods on dye removal from textile wastewater

Background: Statins may be effective in reducing the risk of cerebral ischemia. This study aimed to examine the effect of Statins on the short-term prognosis of cerebral ischemia. Background: The discharge of textile industrial wastewater, a complex effluent containing different chemicals, to the environment causes serious bioenvironmental pollution problems. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of advanced oxidation methods and find the most efficient method to remove dye from textile effluents. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on Kashan textile industrial effluent on a laboratory scale and in a closed system. Taking into consideration the fixed amount of O3 dose and H2O2 concentration for the four advanced oxidation methods (UV/O3, UV/H2O2, H2O2/O3, O3/UV/H2O2), in three reaction time (10, 20, 30 minutes) and different pH (4, 6, 8, 10), the effect of the methods on dye removal was evaluated and the results were compared using the complex repetitive measurements. Results: Results showed that, in terms of method used and the contact time, the O3/UV/H2O2 method in 30 minutes had the most efficient result (89.2%) and the UV/H2O2 method in 10 minutes time the least one (40.7%). Moreover, in terms of the method used and pH, the O3/UV/H2O2 method in pH=6 had the most efficient result (84.7) and the UV/H2O2 method in pH=4 the least one (59.4). The results showed that time had a positive effect on dye removal efficiency (P<0.001). Conclusion: The O3/UV/H2O2 method is the most efficient method in removing dye from textile wastewater due to the synchronous presence of multi-pollutants and its synergic effect through producing the highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH0). Results: Among 230 patients (mean age, 71.59 years), 103 cases were women (44.8%) and 127 men (55.2%). On admission, fifty-five (68.8%) patients in the Statin group and 26 (17.3%) in non-Statin group and on discharge, 70 patients (87.5%) in the Statin group and 43 (28.7%) in non-Statin group had better motor status (MRS<4, P<0.0001). Moreover, 67 patients (83.8%) in the Statin group and 43 (28.7%) in non-Statin group had a good prognosis (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Short-term prognosis in the Statin group before the onset of disease is better than that in the non-Statin group

Naragh Suburb, Center of Iran; A Natural Habitat of Hirudo medicinalis

Aims A very common species of leeches has been named as Hirudo medicinalis. Regarding to the application of leeches in medicine and their fast extinction, this study was performed in aquatic habitats of Kashan aimed to determine the distribution of leeches and to provide information about their regional and habitat characteristics. Materials & Methods This descriptive study was conducted during 2008 to 2010 in three periods and 90 samples from 30 sites were collected, totally. 30 lentic and lotic aquatic habitats located in different regions of Naragh were recognized and selected. Leeches were collected initially in 10% ethanol followed by washing and removing mucus and then maintained in 70% ethanol. The identification keys were used for recognizing the species of leeches. Findings According to the identification key of the leech species, 15 samples from the total samples of 30 locations were Hirudo medicinalis. Total Hirudo medicinalis samples were collected just from Naragh River. These species of leeches were relatively large with 7-10cm and their colors were olive green, brown and greenish brown with a red stripe on the sides. Conclusion Naragh River is one of the habitats of Hirudo medicinalis

Association between four microrna binding siterelated polymorphisms and the risk of warfarininduced bleeding complications

Bleeding is the most serious complication of warfarin anticoagulation therapy and is known to occur even at patients with therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) range. Recently, it has been shown that microRNAs play a significant role in pharmacogenetics by regulating genes that are critical for drug function. Interaction between microRNAs and these target genes could be affected by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in microRNA-binding sites. This study focused on 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) SNPs of the genes involved in the warfarin action and the occurrence of bleeding complications in an Iranian population receiving warfarin. A total of 526 patients under warfarin anticoagulation therapy with responding to the therapeutic dose and maintenance of the INR in the range of 2.0-3.5 in three consecutive blood tests were included in the study. Four selected 3'-UTR SNPs (rs12458, rs7294, rs1868774 and rs34669593 located in GATA4, VKORC1, CALU and GGCX genes,respectively) with the potential to disrupt/eliminate or enhance/create microRNA-binding site were genotyped using a simple PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Patients with the rs12458 AT or TT genotypes of the GATA4 gene had a lower risk of bleeding compared to patients with the AA genotype (adjusted OR: 0.478, 95% CI: 0.285-0.802, P= 0.005, OR: 0.416, 95% CI: 0.192-0.902, P= 0.026, respectively). 3'-UTR polymorphisms in other genes were not significantly associated with the risk of bleeding complications. In conclusion, the SNP rs12458A>T in the 3′UTR region of GATA4 is associated with the incidence of warfarin-related bleeding at target range of INR, likely by altering microRNA binding and warfarin metabolism. Further genetics association studies are needed to validate these findings before they can be implemented in clinical settings