Persian vowels formants; an investigation and comparison between Persian children 7-9 years old and Persian adults 18-22 years old

Introduction: Formant structure is one of the most important acoustical characteristics of sound. the relationship between first three formants is the main component of perceptual categorization by the listener. The quality and the kind of one vowel is related to its formant . Material and methods: The goal of this descriptive-analytical study was to assign and compare formant structure of Persian vowels between 50 Persian children 7-9 years old from two separate schools in Tehran (25 boys and 25 girls) and 50 adults aged between 18 and 22 from persian students and employees at the rehabilitation sciences faculty of Iran (25 men and 25 women). Six persian vowels (/i/,/e/,/æ/,/a/,/o/,/u/) were produced using simple sample. The first three formant of persian language vowels were obtained and compared between two groups of male adults and school boys and also female adults and school girls. Results: Fundamental frequency, first three formants of each vowel (F1, F2, F3), band frequency of each formant, and the intensity of each formant in each vowel were obtained and recorded by speech studio software and laryngograph device Conclusion: In all groups, /æ /vowel was the lowest height vowel and /i/ vowel is the highest high one. In addition, /i/ vowel was the high front vowel and /u/ vowel was the high back vowel one in all groups. The results of comparison of formant structure of Persian language vowels in two groups of male adults and school boys, and female adults and school girls suggested that all quantities of formant frequency of the Persian vowels in adults is lower than children, by what it says that male and female adults had lower formant frequencies in compare with boys and girls. These findings were similar to pervious same studies. The differences observed between children and adults are due to different vocal tract length and different size of resonator cavities

Persian vowel formants; an investigation and comparison between Persian children 7-9 years old and persian adult 18-22 years old

Introduction: Formant structure is one of the most important acoustical characteristics of sound. the relationship between first three formants is the main component of perceptual categorization by the listener. The quality and the kind of one vowel is related to its formant . Material and methods: The goal of this descriptive-analytical study was to assign and compare formant structure of Persian vowels between 50 Persian children 7-9 years old from two separate schools in Tehran (25 boys and 25 girls) and 50 adults aged between 18 and 22 from persian students and employees at the rehabilitation sciences faculty of Iran (25 men and 25 women). Six persian vowels (/i/,/e/,/æ/,/a/,/o/,/u/) were produced using simple sample. The first three formant of persian language vowels were obtained and compared between two groups of male adults and school boys and also female adults and school girls. Results: Fundamental frequency, first three formants of each vowel (F1, F2, F3), band frequency of each formant, and the intensity of each formant in each vowel were obtained and recorded by speech studio software and laryngograph device Conclusion: In all groups, /æ /vowel was the lowest height vowel and /i/ vowel is the highest high one. In addition, /i/ vowel was the high front vowel and /u/ vowel was the high back vowel one in all groups. The results of comparison of formant structure of Persian language vowels in two groups of male adults and school boys, and female adults and school girls suggested that all quantities of formant frequency of the Persian vowels in adults is lower than children, by what it says that male and female adults had lower formant frequencies in compare with boys and girls. These findings were similar to pervious same studies. The differences observed between children and adults are due to different vocal tract length and different size of resonator cavities

A Study of the Central Auditory Function in Stutters by Masking Level Difference and Synthetic Sentence Identification Tests

Background and Aim: There are evidences that indicate a relationship between auditory processing disor¬ders and stuttering,¬ and any disorder in the central auditory function can be at least one of the underly¬ing causes of stuttering. Even though, using the most state of the art radiographic technologies, i.e. MRI, no definitive answer has been given in relative to this question. In this research, using Mask-ing Level Difference (MLD) and Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) tests, the central auditory func¬tion of stutters and normal group was evaluated.Materials and Methods: In this study was analytic cross-sectional, fifteen male patients with stutter-ing and 15 male normal cases with the age range from 16 to 40 years (average age 26.78 year) were evalu¬ated. SSI-ICM, SSI-CCM and MLD tests were performed. The results were compared in both groups.Results: Although stutterers mean MLD was less than that of normal group, the different was not signifi¬cant between stutters and normal group in SSI test in right ear at negative MCRs. There was a signifi¬cant difference in ICM state, but in CCM state, there was no significant difference between the aver¬age score of two groups in various MCRs.Conclusion: The findings of this research is compatible with those of similar researches about the SSI test and the pattern of results, probably indicates a partial dysfunction of brainstem in some of the stutters

The Persian Vowel Formants in Normal, Moderate and Severe Hearing Impaired Students Age 7-9 Years in Isfahan

Background and Aim: Nowadays, auditory perception is not a complete method to assess vowels quality and we need to use more objective instruments.In this study we want to determine and compare the persian vowels formants in normal and hearing Impaired students in 7ـ9 year old children of Isfahan.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 64 normal and hearing impaired students. Background information was by interview and then, vowel production test was performed. First three formants of each vowel were obtained and recorded by speech studio soft ware and Dr. Speech device Data were compared between groups. Results: Mean F1 and F2, and F2/F1 and F3/F1 ratio of Persian vowels between these three studied groups were different significantly. Mean F3 of /o/, /e/ and /a/ in all groups was different significantly. Although we could not find such a significant differences for /u/, /i/ and /æ/ between these groups(p<0.05).Conclusion: The most important difference between normal and hearing impaired children is their vowel Space, and we found that, the more sever the hearing impairment is, the closer vowel space will be seen. The hearing impaired children rely mostly on their proprioceptive sense because of their hearing deficiency and it causes less movement of the tongue, so they usually substitute vowels which have similar F1 and F2